Variation among populations of<i>Diodia teres</i>(Rubiaceae) in environmental maternal effects

Hereford, Joe; Moriuchi, Ken S.

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00797.x

Cited by 38 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In addition, extraXoral nectar production in C. fasciculata is heritable (Rutter and Rausher 2004). It is possible that the observed population diVerences in the greenhouse could be due to environmental or genetic maternal eVects (Hereford and Moriuchi 2005); however, we found little evidence for such eVects through seed size (the main avenue of such eVects; Roach and WulV 1987) and, in particular, none for eVects on nectar production. Maternal eVects could be expressed as cross-generational induction, but in the only system studied in detail, such eVects were not found beyond the one to two true leaf stage of young seedlings (Agrawal 2002).…”

Section: Ecological and Evolutionary Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Population variation in plant traits associated with ant attraction and herbivory in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)

2008

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The benefits of ant-plant-herbivore interactions for the plant depend on the abundance of ants and herbivores and the selective pressures these arthropods exert. In plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFN), different mean trait values may be selected for by different populations in response to local herbivore pressure, ultimately resulting in the evolution of differences in plant traits that attract ants as defensive agents against herbivory. To determine if variation in traits that mediate ant-plant interactions reflect herbivore selective pressures, we quantified intra- and inter-population variation in plant traits for eight populations of the EFN-bearing annual Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) (Fabaceae). Censuses in rural and urban areas of Missouri and Illinois (USA) showed population differences in ant attendance and herbivore pressure. Seeds were collected from each population, and plants were grown in a common greenhouse environment to measure sugar production, nectar volume and composition, EFN size and time of emergence, leaf pubescence, and leaf quality throughout plant development. Populations varied mainly in terms of nectary size, sugar production, and nectar volume, but to a lesser degree in leaf pubescence. Populations of C. fasciculata within urban areas (low in insect abundance) had small nectaries and the lowest nectar production. There was a positive correlation across populations between herbivore density and leaf damage by those herbivores on the one hand and sugar production and nectar volume on the other. These results, in conjunction with lack of evidence for maternally based environmental effects, suggest that population differences in herbivore damage have promoted differential evolution of EFN-related traits among populations.

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Section: Ecological and Evolutionary Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Population variation in plant traits associated with ant attraction and herbivory in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)

2008

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“…It is increasingly apparent that these maternal effects are widespread in nature, having been particularly well studied in plants [5] and invertebrates [4,[6][7][8]. Maternal effects are recognized as an important mechanism for a rapid multi-generational response to changes in the environment [8][9][10], and are central to the broader field of indirect genetic effects [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal effects in disease resistance: poor maternal environment increases offspring resistance to an insect virus

Boots

Roberts

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Maternal effects can be adaptive and because of their intrinsic time delays may have important effects on population dynamics. In vertebrates, and increasingly invertebrates, it is well established that offspring defence is in part determined by maternal parasite exposure. It has also been suggested that there may be indirect maternal effects on immunity mediated by other components of the maternal environment, including density and resource availability. Here, we examine the effect maternal resource availability has on the immunity of offspring in an insect-virus system. We use five different maternal resource levels and examine immunity in the offspring both directly, by challenge with a virus, and by measuring a major component of the immune system, across three offspring environments. Both the direct infection assay and the measure of immunocompetence show clearly that offspring from mothers in poor environments are more resistant to parasites. This may result from life-history optimization of mothers in poor environments, or because the poor environment acts as a cue for higher disease risk in the next generation. This emphasizes the importance of maternal effects on disease resistance, mediated through indirect environmental factors that will have important implications to both the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of host-parasite interactions.

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“…These results agree with other studies reporting larger offspring phenotypes of seeds coming from favourable maternal environments (Leishman et al, 2000;Castro et al, 2006). However, whether this maternal environmental effect is merely an indirect consequence of SM differences between environments or whether it may be an active transgenerational response mediated by other epigenetic mechanisms remains an unresolved question (Hereford and Moriuchi, 2005;Boyko and Kovalchuk, 2011;Cendán et al, 2012). Our data show Seed mass (mg) Seedling total dry weight (mg) Figure 3 Linear relationship between the seed mass and the seedling total dry weight for the two maternal environments as obtained from a heterogenous slope covariation mixed model.…”

Section: Maternal Environmental Effects On Sm Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been used to account for this potential bias in quantitative genetic studies. Including SM as a covariate in the statistical analyses has been probably the most frequent (Hereford and Moriuchi, 2005;Hovenden et al, 2008;Cendán et al, 2012) but this method is generally insufficient to cover all maternal effects, as effects unrelated to seed provisioning remain unaccounted for (Cendán et al, 2012). Alternatively, maternal effects may be controlled by growing parental genotypes in a common environment for at least one generation before genetic testing (Bischoff and Mueller-Schaerer, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation of seed provisioning in the transmission of environmental maternal effects in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton)

2013

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Although maternal environmental effects are increasingly recognized as an important source of phenotypic variation with relevant impacts in evolutionary processes, their relevance in long-lived plants such as pine trees is largely unknown. Here, we used a powerful sample size and a strong quantitative genetic approach to analyse the sources of variation of early seedling performance and to identify seed mass (SM)-dependent and -independent maternal environmental effects in Maritime pine. We measured SM of 8924 individual seeds collected from 10 genotypes clonally replicated in two environments of contrasting quality (favourable and stressful), and we measured seedling growth rate and biomass allocation to roots and shoots. SM was extremely variable (up to 14-fold) and strongly determined by the maternal environment and the genotype of the mother tree. The favourable maternal environment led to larger cones, larger seeds and reduced SM variability. The maternal environment also determined the offspring phenotype, with seedlings coming from the favourable environment being 35% larger and with greater root/shoot ratio. Transgenerational plasticity appears, thus, to be a relevant source of phenotypic variation in the early performance of this pine species. Seed provisioning explained most of the effect of the maternal environment on seedling total biomass. Environmental maternal effects on seedling biomass allocation were, however, determined through SM-independent mechanisms, suggesting that other epigenetic regulation channels may be involved.

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Variation among populations ofDiodia teres(Rubiaceae) in environmental maternal effects

Cited by 38 publications

References 65 publications

Population variation in plant traits associated with ant attraction and herbivory in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)

Population variation in plant traits associated with ant attraction and herbivory in Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)

Maternal effects in disease resistance: poor maternal environment increases offspring resistance to an insect virus

Mediation of seed provisioning in the transmission of environmental maternal effects in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton)

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