Variation in articular cartilage in rabbits between weeks six and eight

Oreja, María Teresa Castaño; Rodríguez, Maximino Quintáns; Abelleira, Antonio Crespo; García, Manuel Avelino Giráldez; García, Miguel Angel Saavedra; Barreiro, Francisco

doi:10.1002/ar.1092410106

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…There are two contrasting reasons for the stark decline in cell density. It has been reported by several authors (Stockwell 1971;Eggli et al 1988;Oreja et al 1995), that the density of the surface zone decreases during growth and whilst not measured specifically here, comparison of representative micrographs (Fig. 2) suggest the same is true for Monodelphis.…”

Section: Stereologymentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Two proliferative bands were evident; one above the subchondral plate, the other just beneath the articular surface. Similarly, Oreja et al (1995) reported intense proliferative activity in surface zone chondrocytes in rabbits at 6 weeks of age. At skeletal maturity, cell proliferation halts and no chondrocyte cell proliferation is observed (Mankin 1962a(Mankin , b, 1963Rigal 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The development of articular cartilage: evidence for an appositional growth mechanism

Hayes¹,

MacPherson²,

Morrison³

et al. 2001

Anatomy and Embryology

170

143

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It is well-established that cartilage grows by a combination of matrix secretion, cell hypertrophy and cell proliferation. The extent to which this growth is by appositional, as opposed to interstitial mechanisms, however, remains unclear. Using the knee joints of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica to study cartilage growth, we have combined an immunohistochemical study of the TGF-beta family of cartilage growth and differentiation factors between 30 days postpartum to 8 months, together with a stereological analysis of cartilage morphology during growth. Furthermore, to gain an insight into the generation of the characteristic zones within cartilage, we have examined the effects of intra-articular administration of bromodeoxyuridine, an agent that is incorporated into DNA during cell division and blocks further cell cycling. During early growth, TGF-beta2 and -beta3 were widely expressed but TGF-beta1 was less so. After the formation of the secondary centre of ossification, all isoforms became more restricted to the upper half of the tissue depth and their distribution was similar to that previously described for IGFs, and PCNA-positive cells. Stereological analysis of tissue sections from the femoral condylar cartilage at 3 and 6 months showed that there was a 17% increase in total cartilage volume but a 31% decrease in cell density on a unit volume basis. Finally, cell-cycle perturbation with BrDU, which was injected into the knee joints of 3-month-old animals and analysed 1 and 4 months post-injection, revealed that the chondrocytes occupying the transitional zone were depleted 1 month post-injection, resulting in thinning of the articular cartilage. This effect was reversed 4 months post-injection. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BrDU-treatment altered the expression patterns of all TGF-beta isoforms, with a marked reduction in labelling of TGF-beta1 and -beta3 isoforms in the upper half of the cartilage depth. Overall, the data lends further support to the notion of articular cartilage growing by apposition from the articular surface rather than by interstitial mechanisms.

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Section: Stereologymentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The development of articular cartilage: evidence for an appositional growth mechanism

Hayes¹,

MacPherson²,

Morrison³

et al. 2001

Anatomy and Embryology

170

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, in the mature state, the cartilage organization is characterized by a high degree of anisotropy. (18,19) All layers were not clearly differentiated in the histologic images and most of the cartilages included in this study appeared to consist of two regions: region I including the superficial and the transitional layers and region II corresponding to the deep layer and calcified cartilage.…”

Section: Control Cartilagesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone: Subtle and Progressive Changes in Experimental Osteoarthritis Using 50 MHz Echography In Vitro

Saied

Chérin

Gaucher

et al. 1997

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The main objectives of this work were to demonstrate the potential of 50 MHz echography for assessing initial and progressive morphological and structural changes of articular cartilage and bone developed in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative lesions were induced in rat knees by the unilateral intra-articular injection of a 3 mg dose of mono-iodo-acetic acid. To assess the lesion progression, the animals (n ‫؍‬ 30) were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 8 weeks after the injection. Three-dimensional echographic data were acquired in vitro on patellar cartilage and bone at various stages of the remodeling process using a scanning ultrasound microscope. Changes involving the OA cartilage characteristics are discussed relative to those of the contralateral control joint which received a placebo. Images of control cartilage showed a smooth hyperechoic articular surface and an echoic matrix. The cartilage thickness was 266 ؎ 44 m (mean ؎ SD) in the central region of the tissue. The precision of ultrasonic thickness measurements was better than 1.3%. First changes in cartilage internal structure and subchondral bone appeared on ultrasound images 3 days after the injection and were even more evident by day 7. They resulted in a slight thinning of the cartilage, a 30% increase of its internal structure echogenicity, and the appearance of echoic zones in subchondral bone. Histologic findings confirmed chondrocyte depletion and degeneration, decrease of matrix proteoglycans, and fibrovascular connective tissue proliferation at the subchondral plate. Progressive and severe lesions at both bone and cartilage surface and internal structure were assessed and correlated to histologic features. These results show that high resolution echography is sensitive to subtle and progressive osteochondral remodeling. This technique has the potential to be used for intra-articular quantitative imaging and assessment of early changes in bone and cartilage structure associated with natural human

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“…1 ). As the thickness, cell density, physical characteristics, and biochemical characteristics of articular cartilage have been shown to vary according to mechanical load, 26 , 27 explants were harvested from weight-bearing surfaces only in order to permit standardization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis

Smith

Milto

Doherty

et al. 2018

Bone & Joint Research

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ObjectivesStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most commonly implicated organism in septic arthritis, a condition that may be highly destructive to articular cartilage. Previous studies investigating laboratory and clinical strains of S. aureus have demonstrated that potent toxins induced significant chondrocyte death, although the precise toxin or toxins that were involved was unknown. In this study, we used isogenic S. aureus mutants to assess the influence of alpha (Hla)-, beta (Hlb)-, and gamma (Hlg)-haemolysins, toxins considered important for the destruction of host tissue, on in situ bovine chondrocyte viability.MethodsBovine cartilage explants were cultured with isogenic S. aureus mutants and/or their culture supernatants. Chondrocyte viability was then assessed within defined regions of interest in the axial and coronal plane following live- and dead-cell imaging using the fluorescent probes 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, respectively, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.ResultsHla-producing mutants caused substantial chondrocyte death compared with the toxin-deficient control (Hla-Hlb-Hlg-), whilst mutants producing Hlb and Hlg in the absence of Hla induced minimal chondrocyte death. Coronal studies established that Hla-induced chondrocyte death started in the superficial zone of cartilage and spread to deeper layers, whereas Hlb and Hlg toxins were without significant effect.ConclusionThis study identified Hla as a highly potent S. aureus toxin that caused rapid chondrocyte death in bovine cartilage, with other toxins or metabolic products produced by the bacteria playing a minor role. The identification of Hla in mediating chondrocyte death may assist in the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the extent of cartilage damage during and after an episode of septic arthritis.Cite this article: I. D. M. Smith, K. M. Milto, C. J. Doherty, S. G. B. Amyes, A. H. R. W. Simpson, A. C. Hall. A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:457–467. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0165.R1.

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Variation in articular cartilage in rabbits between weeks six and eight

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

The development of articular cartilage: evidence for an appositional growth mechanism

The development of articular cartilage: evidence for an appositional growth mechanism

Assessment of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone: Subtle and Progressive Changes in Experimental Osteoarthritis Using 50 MHz Echography In Vitro

A potential key role for alpha-haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in mediating chondrocyte death in septic arthritis

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