Variation in symbiotic activity of Rhizoctonia isolates from Goodyera repens mycorrhizas

Alexander, Clare; Hadley, G.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(83)80168-5

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar result was obtained by Alexander and Hadley (1983). In their investigation on the variation in symbiotic activity of 12 endophytes on Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…there was one isolate which stimulated seed germination to a lesser extent, but produced significantly larger protocorms. However, I consider that the variation in the germination-rate/seedling-growth interactions noted by Alexander and Hadley (1983) arose from differences between the isolates used, but in the present investigation, difference in isolates and culture conditions affected the variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha

Umata

1997

Mycoscience

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To test the mycorrhizal function of heterobasidiomycetous fungi on achlorophyllous orchids and to examine the symbiotic fungal range of a myco-heterotrophic orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, synthetic cultures of the orchid seed were carried out with Auricularia polytricha isolates from Japan and Mexico. After three and a half mo of incubation, 57.0-70.7% of seeds germinated but none of them showed further growth. When cultured on peat moss at 25~ the germination rate was 8.7% in the presence of Mexican isolate and 18.0% in the presence of Japanese isolate. Some germinated seeds developed into protocorms, and several seeds incubated with the Mexican isolate developed into plantlets after 5 too. Pelotons were observed in the cells of protocorms and roots. The results indicated that some heterobasidiomycetous fungi could form endomycorrhizas with a myco-heterotrophic orchid. The results also showed that the symbiont of E. ochobiensis extends, at least experimentally, to Heterobasidiomycetes. The variances of germination rate and seedling growth were suggested to be affected by the difference of isolates and culture conditions.

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“…A similar result was obtained by Alexander and Hadley (1983). In their investigation on the variation in symbiotic activity of 12 endophytes on Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha

Umata

1997

Mycoscience

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“…These results confirmed that the symbiotic association varied not only with fungal species but also among isolates of the same species, as previously stated (e.g. Alexander and Hadley, 1983;Masuhara and Katsuya, 1991;Umata, 1997, 1 998).…”

Section: Figs 4-9 Growth Of E Ochobiensis Cocultured With Four Sibsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In orchid mycorrhizas, the symbiotic mycorrhizal association varies not only with the species of fungus but also among isolates of the same species (e.g. Alexander and Hadley, 1983;Masuhara and Katsuya, 1991;Umata, 1997Umata, , 1998. However, no information has yet been reported from cocultures using monokaryons and reconstituted dikaryons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and growth of Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Orchidaceae) accelerated by monokaryons and dikaryons of Lenzites betulinus and Trametes hirsuta

Umata

1999

Mycoscience

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Four sib-monokaryons and two reconstituted dikaryons of two basidiomycetes, Lenzites betulinus and Trametes hirsuta, accelerated the seed germination of Erythrorchis ochobiensis, an achlorophyllous orchid. All isolates of L. betulinus and three isolates of T. hirsuta induced the development of plants from germinated seeds. Although three monokaryotic isolates of T. hirsuta failed to induce the development of plants, the reconstituted dikaryons induced the development.Key Words achlorophyllous orchid; dikaryon; monokaryon; orchid mycorrhiza; seed germination.About 90~ of basidiomycetous fungi are known to be heterothallic and to be tetra-or bipolar (Whitehouse, 1949a(Whitehouse, , 1949b. In the tetrapolar species, four different types of monokaryons and two different types of dikaryons are produced from a dikaryotic parent as a result of sexual production. These genetically different types may interact differently in their mycorrhizal association with a host plant. The variability in ectomycorrhizal formation among monokaryons and reconstituted dikaryons has been investigated by coculture, through which considerable information has been obtained (e.g. Debaud et al., 1995;Kropp and Anderson, 1994;Rosado et al., 1994). The ability of monokaryons to form ectomycorrhizas varies with the species of fungus (Debaud et al., 1988;Kropp et al., 1987; Kropp and Fortin, 1988;Wong et al., 1989). In orchid mycorrhizas, the symbiotic mycorrhizal association varies not only with the species of fungus but also among isolates of the same species (e.g. Alexander and Hadley, 1983;Masuhara and Katsuya, 1991;Umata, 1997Umata, , 1998. However, no information has yet been reported from cocultures using monokaryons and reconstituted dikaryons. In this investigation, cocultures were carried out in vitro between Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Hayata) Garay, an achlorophylIous orchid, and sib-monokaryons and reconstituted dikaryons of Lenzites betulinus (L.: Fr.) Fr. and Trametes hirsuta (Wulfden: Fr.) Pildt. The purposes of this investigation were, (i) to determine whether monokaryons show symbiotic association in the orchid mycorrhiza, and (ii) to assess inter-and intraspecific variation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis among isolates. About 50 capsules of the orchid were collected at Kutinoerabujima Isl., Kagoshima Prefecture, and seeds from the capsules were mixed well and refrigerated after air-drying.Basidiomes of L. betulinus and T. hirsuta, both of which are tetra-polar (Nobles, 1965), were collected on the same dead wood of Prunus serrulata var. spontanea Makino at Takakuma Experimental Forest of Kagoshima University Forests. Neither polypore has been observed to colonize roots of E. ochobiensis in the field or been examined for its symbiotic potential with the orchid. Basidiospores obtained aseptically from a single basidiome were inoculated on a plate of malt extract agar medium (MEA) and incubated at 25~ After 4d of incubation, about 15-20 germinated spores of each fungus were transferred to fresh MEA plates and compatibility tests were c...

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“…Following Harvais & Hadley (1967), Parmeter & Wbitney (1970), Warcup (1981) and Alexander & Hadley (1983), radial growtb rates were studied by plating 9 mm diameter discs, cut from tbe growing margins of young cultures, on to PDA in 9 cm Petri disbes. Three replicate plates of eacb isolate were incubated at 24 °C.…”

Section: Growth Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes of Wild Orchids Native to Italy: Their Morphology, Caryology, Ultrastructure and Cytochemical Characterization

et al. 1985

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SUMMARYlso\ates of Rhizoctonia sp. obtained from the terrestrial orchids Dactytorhiza sambucina (L,.) were studied in the following characters: macroscopic and microscopic morphology, growth rate, ultrastructure of the septal pore apparatus, number of nuclei per cell and cytochemistry of the hyphal and monilioid cells. On the basis of cultural and morphometric characters, the isolates were divided into three groups, which are described in detail. No perfect stage was produced in culture. Although the identification of species of Rhizoctonia-M^e fungi without perfect stages is extremely difficult, a comparison of our data with that in the literature leads to the probable identification of group I isolates as a species of Ceratobasidium, group II isolates as a species of Thanatephorus and those of group III as a species of Tulasnella or Sebacina.

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Variation in symbiotic activity of Rhizoctonia isolates from Goodyera repens mycorrhizas

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha

Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha

Germination and growth of Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Orchidaceae) accelerated by monokaryons and dikaryons of Lenzites betulinus and Trametes hirsuta

Endophytes of Wild Orchids Native to Italy: Their Morphology, Caryology, Ultrastructure and Cytochemical Characterization

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