Variation in Vaccination Data Available at School Entry Across the United States

Leslie, Timothy F.; Street, Erica J.; Delamater, Paul L.; Yang, Y. Tony; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303455

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Namely, the role that nurses play in terms of meeting these responsibilities may be especially important for schools where a large proportion of students and families have limited access to health care and services or serve students and families with low SES. As many states make school-or school-district-level vaccination data publicly available (Leslie, Street, Delamater, Yang, & Jacobsen, 2016), our article also highlights the value of combining existing publicly available databases from public health and the Department of Education to evaluate factors associated with positive school-level health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015

McCullough

Sunenshine

Rusinak³

et al. 2019

The Journal of School Nursing

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School nurses often play large roles in implementation of school vaccination requirements aimed at controlling the spread of communicable disease. We analyzed the association between the presence of a school nurse and school-level vaccination rates in Arizona. Using school-level data from Arizona sixth-grade schools ( n = 749), we regressed average sixth-grade school-level immunization rates on presence of a school nurse (registered nurse [RN] or licensed practical nurse [LPN]) and school-level socioeconomic status (SES), controlling for other school- and district-level characteristics. Schools with a nurse had higher overall vaccination rates than those without a nurse (96.1% vs. 95.0%, p < .01). For schools in the lowest SES quartile, the presence of a school nurse was associated with approximately 2 percentage point higher immunization rates. These findings add to the growing literature that defines the impact of school nurses on student health status and outcomes, emphasizing the value of school nurses, especially in lower SES schools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015

McCullough

Sunenshine

Rusinak³

et al. 2019

The Journal of School Nursing

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“…We gathered vaccination and enrollment data for incoming kindergarteners in Minnesota over Fall 2012–2016 from the Minnesota Department of Health (17, 18) . The data are available by school, school district, and county, and included children entering schools that had 5 or more incoming students (roughly 94% of all kindergarteners in Minnesota are included).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

It could have been much worse: The Minnesota measles outbreak of 2017

Leslie

Delamater

Yang

2018

Vaccine

Self Cite

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In 2017, Minnesota battled its largest measles outbreak in nearly 30 years, with 79 cases, most of them Somali-American children. In this study, we gathered vaccination and enrollment data for incoming kindergarteners in Minnesota over fall 2012-2016 from the Minnesota Department of Health. We also gathered the number of measles cases by county in 2017. We found that MMR coverage has substantial variation across districts and district types. The minimum MMR coverage is 58.3% and the maximum is 100%. Private schools, which represent approximately six percent of Minnesota's kindergarten enrollment, have a substantially lower coverage rate, with an overall coverage of 83.00%. The 2017 outbreak was relatively isolated. However, the MMR coverage data suggests that other communities could have been at risk given their geographic proximity to the outbreak and modest coverage rates.

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“…However, the datasets used in these studies tend to be limited both in time and in terms of the spatial area they cover. Larger scale studies remain a challenge because there is no unified resource for data on childhood vaccination at more local spatial scales 16 . Each state is generally responsible for sharing exemptions data, and, when the data is shared at all, the formats vary widely between states as well as within states for different years.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…School records of immunization provide finer spatial resolution, high response rate, and vaccine-specific information. However, these data are limited in accuracy 21 , are only accessible for about half of US states, and remain challenging to compare given differences in data collection methods and data quality 16,[22][23][24] . Novel data sources must be explored to provide a truly comparable fine-scale understanding of the heterogeneity in vaccine refusal across all states of the US.…”

Section: Usage Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The landscape of childhood vaccine exemptions in the United States

et al. 2020

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Once-eliminated vaccine-preventable childhood diseases, such as measles, are resurging across the United States. Understanding the spatio-temporal trends in vaccine exemptions is crucial to targeting public health intervention to increase vaccine uptake and anticipating vulnerable populations as cases surge. However, prior available data on childhood disease vaccination is either at too rough a spatial scale for this spatially-heterogeneous issue, or is only available for small geographic regions, making general conclusions infeasible. Here, we have collated school vaccine exemption data across the United States and provide it at the county-level for all years included. We demonstrate the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in vaccine exemption levels, and show that many counties may fall below the herd immunity threshold. We also show that vaccine exemptions increase over time in most states, and non-medical exemptions are highly prevalent where allowed. Our dataset also highlights the need for greater data sharing and standardized reporting across the United States.

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Variation in Vaccination Data Available at School Entry Across the United States

Abstract: Effective vaccination policy requires a robust understanding of vaccination behavior. Some states make it difficult to access data or provide low-resolution data of limited value for identifying vaccination behavior.

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015

Association of Presence of a School Nurse With Increased Sixth-Grade Immunization Rates in Low-Income Arizona Schools in 2014–2015

It could have been much worse: The Minnesota measles outbreak of 2017

The landscape of childhood vaccine exemptions in the United States

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