“…In the realm of hydraulics, ML is increasingly used to elevate the computational efficiency of predictive models. Various algorithms, from artificial neural networks (ANNs) (Campolo et al, 1999; Elsafi, 2014; Machado et al, 2011; Rigos et al, 2020) to support vector machines (SVMs) (Liong & Sivapragasam, 2002; Wu et al, 2008) and long short‐term memory models (LSTMs) (Le & Lee, 2019; Xu, Zhang, et al, 2022), have been successfully deployed for river flow and water level forecasting. These algorithms capably handle complex input–output relationships, demonstrating the versatility of ML in hydraulic applications.…”