Variation of extracellular proteases produced by Vibrio vulnificus clinical isolates: Genetic diversity of the metalloprotease gene (vvp), and serine protease secretion by vvp-negative strains

Vibrios are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that are widespread in the coastal and estuarine environments. Some species, e.g. Vibrio anguillarum and V. tapetis, comprise serious pathogens of aquatic vertebrates or invertebrates. Other groups, including Grimontia (=Vibrio) hollisae, Photobacterium (=Vibrio) damselae subsp. damselae, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi (=V. carchariae), V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii, V. metschnikovii, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, may cause disease in both aquatic animals and humans. The human outbreaks, although low in number, typically involve wound infections and gastro-intestinal disease often with watery diarrhoea. In a minority of cases, for example V. vulnificus, there is good evidence to actually associate human infections with diseased animals. In other cases, the link is certainly feasible but hard evidence is mostly lacking

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“…However, genetic differences have been identified 227 between eel and human isolates (Wang et al, 2008). In one case in The 228…”

Section: Vibrio Parahaemolyticus 141mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses

Austin

2010

Veterinary Microbiology

362

228

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“…In the fish pathogen V. anguillarum, mutants lacking a functional EmpA metalloprotease expressed two different proteases that were not detected in the wild-type strain suggesting that these proteases might compensate for the loss of EmpA (Milton et al, 1992;Varina et al, 2008). Similarly, a metalloprotease mutant of Vibrio vulnificus was found to express a serine protease in response that demonstrated comparable levels of proteolytic activity to the wild-type strain (Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and proteomic analyses of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus reveal a diverse virulence repertoire

et al. 2011

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Vibrio coralliilyticus has been implicated as an important pathogen of coral species worldwide. In this study, the nearly complete genome of Vibrio coralliilyticus strain P1 (LMG23696) was sequenced and proteases implicated in virulence of the strain were specifically investigated. The genome sequence of P1 (5 513 256 bp in size) consisted of 5222 coding sequences and 58 RNA genes (53 tRNAs and at least 5 rRNAs). Seventeen metalloprotease and effector (vgrG, hlyA and hcp) genes were identified in the genome and expressed proteases were also detected in the secretome of P1. As the VcpA zinc-metalloprotease has been considered an important virulence factor of V. coralliilyticus, a vcpA deletion mutant was constructed to evaluate the effect of this gene in animal pathogenesis. Both wild-type and mutant (DvcpA) strains exhibited similar virulence characteristics that resulted in high mortality in Artemia and Drosophila pathogenicity bioassays and strong photosystem II inactivation of the coral dinoflagellate endosymbiont (Symbiodinium). In contrast, the DvcpA mutant demonstrated higher hemolytic activity and secreted 18 proteins not secreted by the wild type. These proteins included four types of metalloproteases, a chitinase, a hemolysin-related protein RbmC, the Hcp protein and 12 hypothetical proteins. Overall, the results of this study indicate that V. coralliilyticus strain P1 has a diverse virulence repertoire that possibly enables this bacterium to be an efficient animal pathogen.

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“…A few of virulence determinants of V. anguillarum have been reported, including iron-acquiring system (Crosa, 1980;Stork et al, 2002;Welch et al, 2005), serum resistance (Boesen et al, 1998), colonization and invasion of the host (Croxatto et al, 2007), and production of hemolysins and protease (Hirono et al, 1996;Denkin et al, 2004;Rock et al, 2006). Extracellular proteases are considered putative virulence factors in several pathogens, including V. cholera (Silva et al, 2006), V. vulnificus (Wang et al, 2008), V. harveyi (Lee et al, 1999), V. fisheri (Stevens et al, 1997), V. anguillarum (Norqvist et al, 1990;Milton et al, 1992) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Zhang et al, 2007). For example, HapA, an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by V. cholera, can proteolytically degrade several physicologically important host proteins including mucin, fibronectin and lactoferrin when released into host body (Finkelstein et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of EmpA protease in Vibrio anguillarum M3

Han

Peng

et al. 2011

J. Ocean Univ. China

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EmpA is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by Vibrio anguillarum. For better understanding its role in the pathogenicity of V. anguillarum strain M3, empA insertion mutant was constructed. In the mutant it decreased in extracellular proteolytic activity, swarming motility, hemolytic activity and virulence on turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Significant decline (by 5-fold) of extracellular proteolytic activity and similar growth curve between mutant and wild type strains indicated that EmpA was the major extracellular protease of M3. LD 50 of mutant increased by 38-fold compared with wild type. No pro-EmpA was detected in the supernatant of culture, indicating that EmpA autolyzed to mature protein after 24 h. Secretion of EmpA in M3 was similar to that in NB10 strain. Attenuated virulence of mutant was similar to that of M93Sm strain. It was demonstrated that specific operation of EmpA was different from that in previous studies and EmpA contributed to the swarming motility and hemolytic activity in V. anguillarum strain M3. The results provides insight into understanding the function of EmpA and its potential application in vaccine development.

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Variation of extracellular proteases produced by Vibrio vulnificus clinical isolates: Genetic diversity of the metalloprotease gene (vvp), and serine protease secretion by vvp-negative strains

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses

Vibrios as causal agents of zoonoses

Genomic and proteomic analyses of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus reveal a diverse virulence repertoire

Characterization of EmpA protease in Vibrio anguillarum M3

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