Variation of male‐biased maternal investment in fallow deer (<i>Dama dama</i>)

Braza, Francisco; José, Cristina San; Aragón, Santiago

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01074.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our results confirm that sex-biased prenatal expenditure occurs in fallow deer, and contrast with Byers and Moodie's (1990) hypothesis by providing evidence that species close to their maximum reproductive effort, such as the fallow deer, have extra resources available to put into offspring of one sex. This possibility had already been suggested by the results of an earlier study (Braza et al 1999) that analysed the influence of different ecological factors on variation in the extra resource expenditure on male fawns observed in the fallow deer population in Doñana National Park.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer (Dama dama)

José¹,

Braza²,

Aragón³

1999

Can. J. Zool.

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In this paper we tested whether prenatal expenditure of resources in fallow deer (Dama dama) is affected by the age and reproductive experience of mothers. The study was carried out on the wild fallow deer population in Doñana National Park in southwestern Spain. Between 1985 and 1996 a total of 60 different females were monitored by direct observation during the fawning season. The exact age of 22 of these females was known, and 59 fawns born of these females were captured. The mother's age had more influence on the fawn's birth mass than the mother's experience did. Fallow deer fawns born of adult multiparous mothers (5-8 years old) were heavier than fawns born of young multiparous mothers (3-4 years old), whereas birth masses of fawns born of primiparous mothers (2-3 years) and young multiparous mothers showed no significant difference. Fawns were born earlier in the breeding season as the mother's age increased. The trade-off required between resources allocated to reproduction and resources available for growth and maintenance may limit reproduction and the possibility of increasing prenatal expenditure by both young primiparous and young multiparous female fallow deer. Sexual dimorphism in birth mass was detected, males being heavier than females, independently of the age and parity of the mothers. This confirms the finding that fallow deer mothers are selected to expend more resources on their male offspring.Résumé : Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si la dépense prénatal du daim (Dama dama) est influencé par l'âge et l'expérience reproductive des mères. Le travail a été fait sur une population de daims en liberté du Parc National de Doñana. Entre 1985 et 1996 nous avons observé directement un total de 60 femelles différentes pendant la période des naissances. Nous connaissions l'âge exact de 22 femelles et 59 faons de ces femelles connues furent capturés. L'âge de la mère s'est révélé plus déterminant que sont expérience reproductive sur le poids de naissance des faons. Les petits nés de mères adultes multipares (5-8 ans) furent plus lourds que les petits nés de jeunes mères multipares (3-4 ans); mais les mères primipares (2-3 ans) et les jeunes multipares n'ont pas montré de différence significative dans le poids de leurs petits. Plus les mères étaient agées plus leurs faons sont nés en avance dans la période des naissances. L'équilibre entre les ressources offertes à la reproduction et à la croissance peut limiter la reproduction même et la possibilité d'augmenter la dépense prénatal chez les jeunes mères (aussi bien les primipares que les multipares). Les faons mâles pesérent davantage à la naissance que les femelles indépendamment de l'âge et de l'expérience reproductive de leurs mères. Ce résultat confirme que les mères des daims sont sélectionnées pour dépenser davantage sur leurs petits mâles.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1722 San José et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In contrast, recent results have revealed that a certain margin does exist, allowing variation in prenatal investment in fallow deer, depending on variations in environmental factors (Braza et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer (Dama dama)

José¹,

Braza²,

Aragón³

1999

Can. J. Zool.

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“…The protection of offspring and the resulting anti-predator behavior is one of the most conspicuous features of maternal care. Besides the general ''follower'' and ''hider'' strategies (Lent 1974;Leuthold 1977;Ralls et al 1986), mothers naturally adopt an anti-predator pattern that is specific for the conditions and environment they experience (Braza et al 2000;White and Berger 2001;Ciuti et al 2006). In ungulate hider species, mothers may move directly towards neonates at very close distance or they may use other maternal behavioral tactics to stay at a distance of several meters and wait for the calf to approach (Hnida 1985;Thompson 1996;Wronski et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suckling behavior of eland antelopes (Taurotragus spp.) under semi-captive and farm conditions

Hejcmanová

Vymyslická

Koláčková

et al. 2010

J Ethol

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Mother-offspring interactions soon after parturition play a key role in the survival of mammals. We investigated the suckling behavior of semi-captive Western Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in a 60-ha enclosure covered by dense savanna vegetation in Senegal and farmed Common eland (T. oryx) on an open 2-ha pasture in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the basic pattern of suckling bout duration and mother-offspring interactions would be similar between species, but would vary in response to the environmental conditions and breeding system. During three calving periods, we observed the suckling of 27 and 23 calves of Derby and Common elands, respectively, between the ages of 1-5 months, and the interactions between mother and calf before and during suckling. Suckling bout duration increased with the age of the calves for both elands. However, in Derby elands we recorded longer suckling bouts in male than female calves and shorter suckling bouts in primiparous mothers than multiparous ones; no differences were found in farmed Common elands. The animals' active approach to mother-offspring contact, for example naso-anal contact, and initiation and termination of suckling, resulted in longer suckling bouts in Derby elands. The results suggest that Derby elands that range over a large enclosure with dense vegetation cover adjust their maternal behavior in compliance with potential predator risk, facing a trade-off between nursing and vigilant behavior in the wild. The suckling behavior of farmed elands, on the other hand, reflects the conditions of captivity without predators and with the small available area enabling permanent visual contact of animals.

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“…In addition to predation, maternal investment has been found to be sensitive to environmental conditions, especially in species with high reproductive efforts (Byers and Hogg 1995;Braza et al 2000). The goitered gazelle is one of these species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy of goitered gazelle suckling behavior

Blank

Yang

2015

Mamm Res

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Suckling behavior adaptations are components of a reproductive strategy for successful breeding and offspring survival. In ungulates, maternal care of their young can be roughly classified into two dichotomous strategies: Bhidingâ nd Bfollowing.^Since goitered gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa) are a hiding species, we predicted that during the hiding period, suckling of young would be distributed unevenly throughout the day; then, when offspring were old enough to follow their mothers, suckling would be more evenly distributed. Over a 6-year period, we observed goitered gazelle in their natural environment and collected data on 3960 suckles and 397 suckling bouts. This data supported our hypothesis. In addition, goitered gazelles commonly birth twins of relatively small size, and since small-sized fawns are the most vulnerable to carnivores, they need intensive suckling for quicker growth during the hiding period. Therefore, we predicted that fawns, especially twins, would receive a larger supply of milk during their first several weeks, followed by a drastic decrease as they age. In spite of the high energy demands, this strategy along with birthing synchronization within the population is most likely an adaptation to both the pressure from predators and the desert environment which allows for only a very short period favorable for rearing young.

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Variation of male‐biased maternal investment in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer (Dama dama)

The effect of age and experience on the reproductive performance and prenatal expenditure of resources in female fallow deer (Dama dama)

Suckling behavior of eland antelopes (Taurotragus spp.) under semi-captive and farm conditions

Strategy of goitered gazelle suckling behavior

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