Variation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) morphology due to radial cold flow in a flexible pipe

Abstract

A subsea flexible pipe containing isotropic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) layers is subjected to rapid decompression after being put in pressurized equilibrium with a fluid containing supercritical CO2. The PVDF layers have flowed radially into gaps of adjacent metallic coils forming whitened noses. Microbeam small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) scanning reveals a considerable morphological gradient in the polymer layers. PVDF layers (inner: wear, outer: barrier) in two zones (undamaged and damaged) are scanned. Far from noses and damage zone, the samples are isotropic without voids. Their morphological parameters are determined and compared to virgin material. Approaching the noses, the structure turns into highly oriented microfibrils perpendicular to the local flow into the gaps. Here, voids extend parallel to the microfibrils. At edges of the metallic structure, they turn more perpendicular to the layer. Crystallite orientation extends out to both sides of the whitened nose regions, but in the undamaged samples, tilting of the orientation direction and void‐formation are restricted to the white regions: successive mechanisms of cold drawing are mapped into space. Under the damaged spot, voids and crystallite orientation extend through the entire layer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2869–2877, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Kinetics of thermal degradation and lifetime study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) subjected to bioethanol fuel accelerated aging

“…Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is an engineering thermoplastic polymer widely used in the specific plastic sectors [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The nonpolar α -form PVDF has its use well consolidated in structural applications such as flexible pipes for oil and gas exploration [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. PVDF can also be employed as a liner (coating) or inner layer in multilayers thermoplastic pipes or storage tanks dedicated to storage and/or transportation of biofuels, mixtures of biofuels-gasoline and sodium hydroxide solutions (except in critical conditions, i.e., temperature range from 50 to 90 °C and pH of 13.5–14), among others [ 5 , 7 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”