Acute abdomen is a clinical emergency disease with acute abdominal pain as the main prominent feature. Through severe disease changes in intra-abdominal, extrapelvic, and retroperitoneal tissues and organs, symptoms and clinical signs led by abdominal pain are formed. This article mainly explores the role of CT imaging diagnosis in common acute abdominal diseases in general surgery. In this paper, the use of computer-aided CT scan imaging technology in pulmonary nodules was firstly investigated, and the image segmentation algorithms based on CT images were given, including the spatial domain fuzzy C-mean clustering separation algorithm and the spatial domain fuzzy clustering level set semiautomatic separation algorithm, then the treatment of acute abdomen under the concept of ERAS was explored, and the treatment of ERAS under CT images of the acute abdomen was analyzed and studied. The empirical research results show that the ERAS's concept is guided by the undergoing national nutritional support with the traditional perioperative management. Compared to 12.9% of complications in traditional CPM groups, the recall rate of complications after ERAS group was only 6.01%, the improvement was obvious and the results were statistically significant (
P
<
0.05
). Postoperative hospitalization time was also 4.62 days from 7.93 days, thus controlling the clinical risks of perioperative periods, providing a benefit to patient life.