“…In addition to the chemical analysis, standard analytical tools include UV spectroscopy/microscopy [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], mid/near infrared spectroscopy [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], Raman (microscopy and spectroscopy) [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], scanning electron microscopy + electron dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Other techniques which are less used or being explored include transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [ 39 , 41 ], X-ray microtomography [ 20 ], magnetic resonance spectroscopy [ 42 , 43 ]/imaging [ 44 , 45 ] optical coherence tomography [ 20 ], THz microscopy/tomography [ 20 , 46 ], and synchrotron techniques such as small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [ 47 ], and X-ray diffraction [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Spectro-microscopy methods such as SEM or Raman microscopy can offer combined spatial and chemical resolution, however, the characterizations are often destructive in nature.…”