Variations in Photosystem I Properties in the Primordial Cyanobacterium <i>Gloeobacter violaceus</i> PCC 7421

Mimuro, Mamoru; Yokono, Makio; Akimoto, Seiji

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00619.x

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Our interest is how Low1 and Low2 identified here are related to Chls fluorescing at around 723 and 730 nm observed in the steady-state fluorescence-emission spectra ( Appendix 1—figure 8A ; van der Lee et al, 1993 ; Mimuro et al, 2010 ; Turconi et al, 1996 ; Pålsson et al, 1996 ). The spectrum of Synechocystis PSI (red line in Appendix 1—figure 8A ) exhibits a fluorescence peak at around 723 nm, whereas that of T. vulcanus PSI (blue line in Appendix 1—figure 8A ) displays a fluorescence peak at around 731 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Therefore, Gloeobacter is considered as an evolutionary primordial cyanobacterium. Unlike other cyanobacteria, the Gloeobacter PSI did not exhibit characteristic fluorescence peaks at around 723 or 730 nm in fluorescence-emission spectra both in vivo ( Koenig and Schmidt, 1995 ) and in vitro ( Mimuro et al, 2010 ). These observations lead to an attractive notion that Chls absent in the structure of the Gloeobacter PSI are plausible candidates for Chls fluorescing at around 723 and 730 nm observed in other cyanobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…These two fluorescence peaks appear at around 723 and 730 nm in PSI trimers isolated from the representative cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter referred to as Synechocystis ) ( van der Lee et al, 1993 ; Mimuro et al, 2010 ; Turconi et al, 1996 ) and Thermosynechococcus elongatus ( Pålsson et al, 1996 ), respectively. The 723 and/or 730 nm fluorescence peaks are conserved in most cyanobacteria, although their band widths and peak positions differ slightly depending on the species of cyanobacteria as well as the experimental conditions employed to measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus

Kato

Hamaguchi

Nagao

et al. 2022

eLife

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Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit pigment-protein complex that functions in light-harvesting and photochemical charge-separation reactions, followed by reduction of NADP to NADPH required for CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. PSI from different photosynthetic organisms has a variety of chlorophylls (Chls), some of which are at lower-energy levels than its reaction center P700, a special pair of Chls, and are called low-energy Chls. However, the sites of low-energy Chls are still under debate. Here, we solved a 2.04-Å resolution structure of a PSI trimer by cryo-electron microscopy from a primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421, which has no low-energy Chls. The structure shows the absence of some subunits commonly found in other cyanobacteria, confirming the primordial nature of this cyanobacterium. Comparison with the known structures of PSI from other cyanobacteria and eukaryotic organisms reveals that one dimeric and one trimeric Chls are lacking in the Gloeobacter PSI. The dimeric and trimeric Chls are named Low1 and Low2, respectively. Low2 is missing in some cyanobacterial and eukaryotic PSIs, whereas Low1 is absent only in Gloeobacter. These findings provide insights into not only the identity of low-energy Chls in PSI, but also the evolutionary changes of low-energy Chls in oxyphototrophs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus

Kato

Hamaguchi

Nagao

et al. 2022

eLife

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“…These cyanobacteria have raised much attention because of their basal position in phylogenetic trees, being the only group branching before chloroplasts, and because unusual features such as the lack of thylakoids and particular photosystems [63], [64], [65], [66], [67]. For many years, the only cultured species was Gloeobacter violaceous , isolated from calcareous rock [65], [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Community Structure in Field and Cultured Microbialites from the Alkaline Lake Alchichica (Mexico)

et al. 2011

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The geomicrobiology of crater lake microbialites remains largely unknown despite their evolutionary interest due to their resemblance to some Archaean analogs in the dominance of in situ carbonate precipitation over accretion. Here, we studied the diversity of archaea, bacteria and protists in microbialites of the alkaline Lake Alchichica from both field samples collected along a depth gradient (0–14 m depth) and long-term-maintained laboratory aquaria. Using small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene libraries and fingerprinting methods, we detected a wide diversity of bacteria and protists contrasting with a minor fraction of archaea. Oxygenic photosynthesizers were dominated by cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms. Cyanobacterial diversity varied with depth, Oscillatoriales dominating shallow and intermediate microbialites and Pleurocapsales the deepest samples. The early-branching Gloeobacterales represented significant proportions in aquaria microbialites. Anoxygenic photosynthesizers were also diverse, comprising members of Alphaproteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Although photosynthetic microorganisms dominated in biomass, heterotrophic lineages were more diverse. We detected members of up to 21 bacterial phyla or candidate divisions, including lineages possibly involved in microbialite formation, such as sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria but also Firmicutes and very diverse taxa likely able to degrade complex polymeric substances, such as Planctomycetales, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia. Heterotrophic eukaryotes were dominated by Fungi (including members of the basal Rozellida or Cryptomycota), Choanoflagellida, Nucleariida, Amoebozoa, Alveolata and Stramenopiles. The diversity and relative abundance of many eukaryotic lineages suggest an unforeseen role for protists in microbialite ecology. Many lineages from lake microbialites were successfully maintained in aquaria. Interestingly, the diversity detected in aquarium microbialites was higher than in field samples, possibly due to more stable and favorable laboratory conditions. The maintenance of highly diverse natural microbialites in laboratory aquaria holds promise to study the role of different metabolisms in the formation of these structures under controlled conditions.

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“…A unique molecular structure of photosystems I and II [21], [22], [23] and an unusual morphology of its phycobilisomes (PBS) [24] enable Gloeobacter to harvest light and transfer energy in a manner, which is different from other photosynthetic organisms. Unlike in other cyanobacteria, its PBSs are composed of six peripheral phycocyanin/phycoerythrin rods bound as a bundle to five horizontal rods of an allophycocyanin core, allowing atypical energy transfer pathways [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

et al. 2013

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Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, which are significant in biogeochemical cycles. The most primitive among living cyanobacteria, Gloeobacter violaceus, shows a unique ancestral cell organization with a complete absence of inner membranes (thylakoids) and an uncommon structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. Numerous phylogenetic papers proved its basal position among all of the organisms and organelles capable of plant-like photosynthesis (i.e., cyanobacteria, chloroplasts of algae and plants). Hence, G. violaceus has become one of the key species in evolutionary study of photosynthetic life. It also numbers among the most widely used organisms in experimental photosynthesis research. Except for a few related culture isolates, there has been little data on the actual biology of Gloeobacter, being relegated to an “evolutionary curiosity” with an enigmatic identity. Here we show that members of the genus Gloeobacter probably are common rock-dwelling cyanobacteria. On the basis of morphological, ultrastructural, pigment, and phylogenetic comparisons of available Gloeobacter strains, as well as on the basis of three new independent isolates and historical type specimen, we have produced strong evidence as to the close relationship of Gloeobacter to a long known rock-dwelling cyanobacterial morphospecies Aphanothece caldariorum. Our results bring new clues to solving the 40 year old puzzle of the true biological identity of Gloeobacter violaceus, a model organism with a high value in several biological disciplines. A probable broader distribution of Gloeobacter in common wet-rock habitats worldwide is suggested by our data, and its ecological meaning is discussed taking into consideration the background of cyanobacterial evolution. We provide observations of previously unknown genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which we expect to be utilized by experimental and evolutionary researchers worldwide.

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Variations in Photosystem I Properties in the Primordial Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus

Structural basis for the absence of low-energy chlorophylls in a photosystem I trimer from Gloeobacter violaceus

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Community Structure in Field and Cultured Microbialites from the Alkaline Lake Alchichica (Mexico)

The Primitive Thylakoid-Less Cyanobacterium Gloeobacter Is a Common Rock-Dwelling Organism

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