Variations in repetitive DNA and heterochromatin in the genus Artemia

Badaracco, Gianfranco; Baratelli, Laura; Ginelli, Enrico; Meneveri, Raffaella; Plevani, Paolo; Valsasnini, P.; Barigozzi, Claudio

doi:10.1007/bf00293844

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been generally accepted that the genus Artemia originated from the Mediterranean Sea (Badaracco et at., 1987; reviewed by Browne & Bowen 1990). There is strong evidence to show that asexual polyploid Artemia evolved from asexual diploid Artemia, which themselves branched from ancestral sexual Artemia tunisiana (Abreu-Grobois & Beardmore, 1982;Browne & Bowen, 1990).…”

Section: Polyploidy and Temperature Extremes In Artemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

Zhang

Lefcort

1991

Heredity

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The responses to temperature change of sympatric diploid and pentaploid brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica were studied. Pentaploids survive better at extremes of both cold (0°C) and heat (37.5°C). When placed in a thermal gradient ranging from 12.5 to 35.1°C, diploids generally located at temperatures above 19°C while pentaploids were more evently distributed along the gradient. These results suggest that pentaploids may be better suited to temperature extremes than sympatric diploids. Our study provides the first experimental evidence in animals of differential temperature use by conspecific sympatric diploid and polyploid organisms.Our literature review indicates that polyploid Artemia are found with greater frequency in low and high latitudes (i.e. <25°N and > 40°N) than in temperate regions (latitudes 35-40°N). The ecological implications of the physiological and behavioural differences between diploids and pentaploids are discussed as they relate to the latitudinal distributions of sexual and parthenogenetic Artemia in the Old World.

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Section: Polyploidy and Temperature Extremes In Artemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been generally accepted that sexual Artemia in the Western World evolved from the ancestral sexual forms from the Old World (Abreu-Grobois & Beardmore, 1982;Badaracco et at., 1987). In North America, Artemia are distributed from 10 to 50°N latitude (Browne & MacDonald, 1982).…”

Section: Polyploidy and Temperature Extremes In Artemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

Zhang

Lefcort

1991

Heredity

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“…The genus Artemia comprises a group of bisexual and parthenogenetic species, which probably diverged five to six million years ago from an ancestral form living in the Mediterranean area (Abreu-Grobois and Beardmore 1982;Badaracco et al 1987). The string of shallow briny lakes into which the Mediterranean sea had converted (Hsu¨et al 1977) created opportunities for colonization, extinction and recolonization cycles with different degrees of reproductive isolation, while the appearance of a parthenogenetic mode of reproduction, together with polyploidy, may have facilitated dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The American brine shrimp as an exotic invasive species in the western Mediterranean

Amat

Hontoria

Ruíz

et al.

Issues in Bioinvasion Science

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The hypersaline environments and salterns present in the western Mediterranean region (including Italy, southern France, the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco) contain autochthonous forms of the brine shrimp Artemia, with parthenogenetic diploid and tetraploid strains coexisting with the bisexual species A. salina. Introduced populations of the American brine shrimp A. franciscana have also been recorded in these Mediterranean environments since the 1980s. Based on brine shrimp cyst samples collected in these countries from 1980 until 2002, we were able to establish the present distribution of autochthonous brine shrimps and of A. franciscana, which is shown to be an expanding invasive species. The results obtained show that A. franciscana is now the dominant Artemia species in Portuguese salterns, along the French Mediterranean coast and in Cadiz bay (Spain). Co-occurrence of autochthonous (parthenogenetic) and American brine shrimp populations was observed in Morocco (Mar Chica) and France (Aigues Mortes), whereas A. franciscana was not found in Italian cyst samples. The results suggest these exotic A. franciscana populations originate as intentional or non-intentional inoculations through aquacultural (hatchery effluents) or pet market activities, and suggest that the native species can be rapidly replaced by the exotic species.

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“…The heterochromatin in the interphase nucleus can be visualized as easily discernible heteropycnotic bodies, called chromocenters, which can vary in number and size. In the brine shrimp Artemia, a conspicuous inhabitant of hypersaline lakes and lagoons, the chromocenter number may have a diagnostic value as an indicator of species or populations (Badaracco et al, 1987;Abreu-Grobois and Beardmore, 1989;Colihueque and Gajardo, 1996;Papeschi et al, 2000;Gajardo et al, 2001;Torrentera and Abreu-Grobois, 2002;Papeschi et al, 2008). Previous studies indicate that the heterochromatin in Artemia varies in quantity and quality both within and among species (Gajardo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies indicate that the heterochromatin in Artemia varies in quantity and quality both within and among species (Gajardo et al, 2002). For instance, the New World Artemia species, A. franciscana and A. persimilis, have a significantly different chromocenter number (Badaracco et al, 1987;Abreu-Grobois and Beardmore, 1989;Colihueque and Gajardo, 1996;Papeschi et al, 2000;Gajardo et al, 2001;Torrentera and Abreu-Grobois, 2002;Lipko et al, 2004). While the former exhibits a high number of these structures (5-18 chromocenters) the latter has lower numbers (<5 chromocenters).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of the interphase heterochromatin in Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) of the Americas is related to changes in nuclear size and ionic composition of hipersaline habitats

Parraguéz

Gajardo

2017

Braz. J. Biol.

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The populations of Artemia (or brine shrimp) from the Americas exhibit a wide variation in the amount of interphase heterochromatin. There is interest in understanding how this variation affects different parameters, from the cellular to the organismal levels. This should help to clarify the ability of this organism to tolerate brine habitats regularly subject to strong abiotic changes. In this study, we assessed the amount of interphase heterochromatin per nucleus based on chromocenter number (N-CHR) and relative area of chromocenter (R-CHR) in two species of Artemia, A. franciscana (Kellog, 1906) (n=9 populations) and A. persimilis (Piccinelli and Prosdocimi, 1968) (n=3 populations), to investigate the effect on nuclear size (S-NUC). The relationship of the R-CHR parameter with the ionic composition (IC) of brine habitats was also analysed. Our results indicate a significant variation in the amount of heterochromatin both within and between species (ANOVA, p<0.001). The heterochromatin varied from 0.81 ± 1.17 to 12.58 ± 3.78 and from 0.19 ± 0.34% to 11.78 ± 3.71% across all populations, for N-CHR and R-CHR parameters, respectively. N-CHR showed less variation than R-CHR (variation index 15.5-fold vs. 62-fold). At least five populations showed a significant association (p<0.05) between R-CHR and S-NUC, either with negative (four populations, r= from -0.643 to -0.443), or positive (one population, r= 0.367) values.Within each species, there were no significant associations between both parameters (p>0.05). The R-CHR and IC parameters were associated significantly for the magnesium ion (r= 0.496, p<0.05) and also for the chloride, sodium and calcium ions (r = from -0.705 to -0.478, p<0.05). At species level, a significant association between both parameters was also found in A. franciscana populations, for the sulphate and calcium ions, in contrast to A. persimilis. These findings suggest that the amount of interphase heterochromatin modifies the nuclear size in Artemia. Our data also indicate that change in the amount of interphase heterochromatin is in line with the ionic composition of brines. This would be a species-specific phenomenon, whose occurrence may be involved in the ability of this organism to survive in these environments.Keywords: Artemia, interphase heterochromatin, chromocenter, nuclear size, brine ionic composition. Variação da heterocromatina interfásica em Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca)das Américas está relacionada a mudanças no tamanho nuclear e composição iônica em habitats hipersalinos ResumoAs populações de Artemia (ou camarão de salinas) das Américas apresentam uma grande variação na quantidade de heterocromatina interfásica. Há interesse em compreender como esta variação afeta diferentes parâmetros, desde o nível celular até os organismos. Isso deve ajudar a esclarecer a capacidade destes organismos tolerarem habitats extremos de água hipersalinas, que normalmente são submetidos a fortes mudanças abióticas. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a quantidade heterocromatina interfásica por nú...

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Variations in repetitive DNA and heterochromatin in the genus Artemia

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

The effects of ploidy level on the thermal distributions of brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica and its ecological implications

The American brine shrimp as an exotic invasive species in the western Mediterranean

Variation of the interphase heterochromatin in Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) of the Americas is related to changes in nuclear size and ionic composition of hipersaline habitats

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