Variations in the Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Cystoseira compressa during Seasonal Growth

Abstract

The underexplored biodiversity of seaweeds has recently drawn great attention from researchers to find the bioactive compounds that might contribute to the growth of the blue economy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of seasonal growth (from May to September) on the in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC) and antimicrobial effects (MIC and MBC) of Cystoseira compressa collected in the Central Adriatic Sea. Algal compounds were analyzed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF, and TPC and TTC were determined. Fatty acids, among which oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the dominant compounds in samples. The highest TPC, TTC and FRAP were obtained for June extract, 83.4 ± 4.0 mg GAE/g, 8.8 ± 0.8 mg CE/g and 2.7 ± 0.1 mM TE, respectively. The highest ORAC value of 72.1 ± 1.2 µM TE was obtained for the August samples, and all samples showed extremely high free radical scavenging activity and DPPH inhibition (>80%). The MIC and MBC results showed the best antibacterial activity for the June, July and August samples, when sea temperature was the highest, against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results show C. compressa as a potential species for the industrial production of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of six Fucoids from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean

“…In agreement, Čagalj et al registered an ORAC value of 72.1 μmol TE g −1 extract in an ethanolic extract of Cystoseira compressa. 45 Ferreres et al also reported a high antioxidant activity, including lipid peroxidation inhibition ability for E. selaginoides (EC 50 of 7.55 mg mL −1 of dry weight), which was positively correlated with their phlorotannins content. 40 However, Pinteus et al evaluated the ORAC of E. selaginoides (methanolic extract), collected in the same coast line (Peniche coast), and registered 3396.73 μmol TE g −1 extract.…”

“…In agreement, Čagalj et al . registered an ORAC value of 72.1 μmol TE g −1 extract in an ethanolic extract of Cystoseira compressa 45 . Ferreres et al .…”

“…Čagalj et al . registered the highest antimicrobial activity of C. compressa ethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.5 mg mL −1 45 . Sellimi et al .…”

Carrageenan From Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae): Metabolism, Structure, Production, and Application

“…The polymer has shown significant antibacterial activity against a wide range of human pathogens, including Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis , and Vibrio cholerae ( Pushparaj et al, 2014 ). According to a study, gram-positive bacteria are more vulnerable to seaweed extracts than gram-negative bacteria, and this vulnerability to algal extracts is attributable to the differences in the structure and content of their cell walls ( Čagalj et al, 2022 ). Additionally, K. alvarezii carrageenan has shown excellent suppression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mayakrishnan et al, 2015 ).…”

Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts

“…Seaweeds can be produced without arable land, freshwater, or fertilizers [ 4 ]. Seaweed biodiversity has recently attracted a lot of attention from researchers to find bioactive compounds that could contribute to the growth of the blue economy [ 5 ]. Marine organisms are considered as a potential source of biologically active compounds, but at the same time their chemical composition can provide biologically active compounds for drug development [ 6 ].…”