Variations in the Compositions of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities Due to Microhabitat Effects Induced by Simulated Nitrogen Deposition of a Bamboo Forest in Wetland

Abstract

Although numerous studies have been published on nitrogen (N) deposition, little is known about its impact on microbial communities in wetland forests. Here, we used simulated nitrogen deposition (SND) to analyze the importance of differences in soil microhabitats in promoting the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. We compared various levels of SND (control (CK), low N (N30), medium N (N60), and high N (N90)) and found that these were associated with changes in soil microhabitats. Additionally, SND affected soil pH, clay and sand content of the soil, and specific surface area (SSA). Bacteria and fungi responded differently to increased SND levels. The alpha diversity of bacteria decreased with an increased SND level, while fungal abundance, diversity, and community evenness reached their maximum values at the N60 threshold. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurements (LefSe) also confirmed that the bacterial composition was different at N90 compared to other levels of SND while that of fungi was different at N60. A higher discriminant level (LDA score ≥4) may be a valuable index of selecting indicator microbial clades sensitive to SND for wetland management. Further, an increased pH was associated with a greater abundance of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the volume contents of clay and SSA were negatively correlated with bacteria but fungi are associated with soil specific gravity (SSG). Overall, in a neutral soil pH environment, pH fluctuation is the main influencing factor in terms of bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity. The diversity of fungi is more dependent on the type and relative content of solid phase components in soil than that of bacteria, implying the presence of species-specific niches for bacteria and fungi. These results demonstrate that changes in SND can induce short-term microbial and microhabitat changes.

Ecostoichiometry Reveals the Separation of Microbial Adaptation Strategies in a Bamboo Forest in an Urban Wetland under Simulated Nitrogen Deposition

“…The experimental site was Xixi National Wetland Park (120 • 03 E, 30 • 15 N) in the western suburb of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. The details of the study area were described by Li et al [32]. This area has a monsoon climate within the northern margin of the subtropical zone.…”

“…One portion of the sieved sample was stored at −78 • C for DNA extraction and 16S and ITS sequencing. One portion was air-dried, and the remaining fresh, portion was stored at 4 • C and used for the determination of soil properties [32].…”

“…The fungal ITS2 rRNA gene was amplified using the forward primer 5 -GCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGC-3 and reverse primer 5 -TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3 [36]. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was set up as described by Li et al [32]. Library construction and Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) sequencing were completed by Xiangyin Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).…”

Effects of simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the bacterial community sructure and diversity of four distinct biocolonization types on stone monuments: a case study of the Leshan Giant Buddha, a World Heritage Site

“…The ggplots2 package was then used for visualization of PCoA and trioriginal plots. Multivariate linear discrimination and effect size analysis (LEfSe) and graphical visualization were performed by LEfSe software [37].…”

Different responses of soil bacterial species diversity and phylogenetic diversity to short-term nitrogen input in an alpine steppe at the source of Brahmaputra

“…With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, a growing number of studies have studied the response of the soil bacterial community to nitrogen input in wetland (Li et al, 2019a), forests (Nie et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2021), grasslands (Zhang and Han, 2012;Ling et al, 2017), and alpine regions on the Tibetan Plateau (Li et al, 2020a(Li et al, , 2021Mu et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021). However, how different nitrogen input rates affect the response of soil bacterial species diversity to short-term nitrogen input still remains controversial (Li et al, 2020a;Zhang et al, 2022).…”