Variáveis pessoais e contextuais preditoras de perpetração de violência no namoro na adolescência

Abstract

Estudos prévios indicam que ser vítima de maus-tratos na infância e testemunhar a violência conjugal dos pais são preditores da violência no namoro na adolescência. A influência do grupo de pares, o uso de álcool e ser do sexo feminino igualmente aumentam o risco para a violência no namoro, embora ainda sejam variáveis pouco investigadas. Dessa forma, este estudo transversal descritivo investigou variáveis pessoais e contextuais associadas à perpetração de violência no namoro em 403 adolescentes, de 14 a 19 anos, de escolas públicas e privadas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Uma análise de regressão logística multivariada indicou que ter sofrido maus-tratos psicológicos na infância aumenta em 5,37 (IC 95 % = 2,30-12,57) a probabilidade de um adolescente ser perpetrador de violência verbal ou emocional no namoro. Demais variáveis preditoras (testemunhar violência parental, influência do grupo de pares, uso de álcool e ser do sexo feminino) não se mostraram significativas. Este estudo reúne evidências de aspectos intergeracionais da violência no namoro e indica a necessidade de programas de prevenção com adolescentes.

Dating Violence among Undergraduate Medical Students at a Public University in Mexico City: An Exploratory Study

“…A 2007 Mexican national survey on dating violence [ 2 ] among 15–24-year-old participants reported a 39.38% prevalence of emotional abuse, 6.79% of physical abuse, and 8.16% for sexual abuse. Other researchers have explored the associations between DV and female empowerment among Mexican students [ 7 ], access to support networks and experiences of victimization [ 8 ], and personality types (using the Myers–Briggs inventory), [ 9 ] DV, defined as a form of “unperceived” violence among Mexican students [ 10 ], has myriad adverse effects on the well-being of young people and has been associated with risk factors, including family background and peer influence [ 11 , 12 ]. While the impact of DV has been documented [ 11 , 13 ], there is insufficient information on the long-term effects on academic performance [ 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Other researchers have explored the associations between DV and female empowerment among Mexican students [ 7 ], access to support networks and experiences of victimization [ 8 ], and personality types (using the Myers–Briggs inventory), [ 9 ] DV, defined as a form of “unperceived” violence among Mexican students [ 10 ], has myriad adverse effects on the well-being of young people and has been associated with risk factors, including family background and peer influence [ 11 , 12 ]. While the impact of DV has been documented [ 11 , 13 ], there is insufficient information on the long-term effects on academic performance [ 14 , 15 ]. The university climate may also result in a predisposition to perpetrate and experience DV among students [ 16 ], as this is strongly influenced by prevailing attitudes and perceptions during adolescence [ 17 ], especially in contexts such as Mexico where male predominance is pervasive, women’s compliance and acceptance of controlling and abusive behaviors are normalized [ 18 ] and all within the context of a highly homophobic society [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Dating violence among adolescents from a region of high social vulnerability

“…Other studies have essentially addressed older adolescents, with relationships and violence being constructed in different ways. In these studies, the adolescents report higher frequencies of TDV and greater relevance for the perpetration of violence by boys ( 6 , 30 ) .…”

“…A discussion recognized in the literature is the intergenerational transmission of these norms. A number of studies have addressed this discussion about the reproduction of a culture that favors inequality between genders and, consequently, situations of violence ( 6 , 25 ) . One study examined the intergenerational influence on the quality of the intimate relationships among adolescents based on their mothers’ experiences.…”

“…TDV is a common phenomenon that cuts across cultures, races and ethnicities. A descriptive cross-sectional study whose participants were 403 adolescents between 14 and 19 years old, who reported having perpetrated some type of violence in their affective-sexual relationships during adolescence (62.4% female), high school students from public (64.5%), private (18.2%) and professional training (17.3%) schools, from the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre, Brazil ( 6 ) . A meta-analysis with data from 46 underdeveloped or developing countries indicated that young and rural women were more exposed to intimate partner violence ( 7 ) .…”