Varicella‐Zoster virus reactivation following SARS‐CoV‐2 immunization in two patients with leukemia

Varicella-Zoster virus reactivation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination or infection: New insights

“…A total of 314 studies were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 studies [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] of VZV manifestations in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations or COVID-19 disease were deemed eligible for inclusion. A flow diagram of the selection of the studies is presented in Fig.…”

A systematic review and meta-analysis of immune response against first and second doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adult patients with hematological malignancies

“…Following title/abstract screening, 479 articles were excluded. Of the remaining 90 publications, 62 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and 28 were excluded due to the following reasons: eight studies were not related to our topic [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , seven studies provided not enough data in the case of seropositiviness after immunization [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , four studies evaluated the immunogenicity of a third dose [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , two studies were conference abstracts [42] , [43] , two studies were case reports [44] , [45] , two studies reported the cellular outcomes solely [46] , [47] , one study reanalyzed the data of the same included studies (48) , one study was a protocol of an original article (49) , and one study was commentary (50) . Furthermore, 20 additional articles were retrieved from other sources, resulting in inclusion of 82 potential studies to be included in the final analysis ( Figure 1 ).…”

Oral lesions after COVID-19 vaccination: Immune mechanisms and clinical approach

“… CD8+ T-lymphocyte response against epidermal cells causes apoptosis of keratinocytes and detachment of dermo-epidermal junction Tagini et al [27] Letter to the editor A woman in her late 20s mRNA-1273 Second dose Inaugural BD or a BD-like adverse event Painful oral ulcers 15 days - Colchicine 2 × 0.5mg/day Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day At the 1.5-month follow-up visit, azathioprine and acetazolamide were added to her treatment due to persistent papillary edema and intracranial hypertension findings. - Foster et al [28] Letter to the editor A 17‐year‐old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a 20‐year‐old male with relapsed ALL BNT162b2 First and second dose VZV reactivation, a cluster of fluid-filled lesions on the face Oral lesions and a right-sided facial droop In first case, 2 and 5 days following the first and second dose, respectively. In the second case, 17 days after his second dose.…”

“…It can happen from 2 days to 38 days after the vaccine administration. Symptoms included a cluster of fluid-filled lesions on the face, multiple unilateral small ulcers in the mouth and one-sided facial droop ([ 28 , 29 , 36 ]).…”

“…The SARS-Cov-2 virus causes immune dysfunction and decreased body resistance to infections, therefore, it may lead to oral HZ [37] . In one study which reported the recurrent oral HZ in two patients with leukemia after COVID-19 infection, one of the patients was treated by a 2-week course of valacyclovir with a steroid taper, and the other patient was treated with acyclovir intravenously, and then converted to oral valacyclovir to complete in a 2-week treatment period, and thereafter received prophylactic dosing of valacyclovir [28] . Thus, dentists and dermatologists should be aware of the probable presence of the oral HZ in their patients with a history of COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-Cov-2 infection.…”