Varied laser induced damage phenomena of gold coated gratings for pulse compression

Abstract

In this paper, gold-coated gratings for pulse compression have been prepared and their laser damage experiments have been performed. Varied laser damage morphologies have been observed: when a 60fs-pulsed laser with energy density slightly higher than the damage threshold was used, damage morphology with a characteristic of discrete distribution of small pits was appeared. These damage pits are linearly distributed at the junction of ridges and grooves. If the laser energy density is much higher than the damage threshold, the gold films was overall ablated and the grating structure disappeared. Besides, if the gold film has poor adhesion, it was peeled off. When a 450ps-pulsed laser with energy density slightly higher than the damage threshold was used, part of grating ridges will be ablated and an obvious line exists between the ablated area and the unchanged area. In theory, the laser induced temperature field and stress field in gold-coated gratings were calculated based on the electromagnetic field using the finite element method. It is demonstrated that the temperature and thermal stress distribution characteristics are affected by the laser heating rate and the heat diffusion time (the calculated diffusion time ranges from 6fs to 450ps), which determines the laser damage characteristics. The possible damage drivers have electron hydrodynamic pressure, thermal ablation and thermal stress.

The Development Progress of Surface Structure Diffraction Gratings: From Manufacturing Technology to Spectroscopic Applications

“…Z. Xia, H. Huang, et al [20] researched and fabricated gold-coated gratings for pulse compression in 2017. The grating structural parameters were: period 574.7 nm, duty cycle 0.82, groove depth 232 nm, and a diffraction efficiency greater than 90% in the 700-1000 nm range.…”

Design of rectangular gold-coated fused silica gratings with high diffraction efficiency for femtosecond pulse compression

“…Therefore, gold-coated gratings (GCGs) are used almost exclusively for all high-power systems at near-infrared wavelengths with pulse widths of 30 fs [9][10][11] . The process for GCPGs, which involves fabricating a halfsinusoidal photoresist and then gold-coating, has a lower threshold due to the pyrolytic properties of the photoresist, but is simple to fabricate 9,[12][13][14] . Compared with GCPG, GCFSG transfers the grating slot pattern from the grating to the fused silica substrate by ion beam etching.…”