Varied Response of Western Pacific Hydrology to Climate Forcings over the Last Glacial Period

Carolin, Stacy; Cobb, Kim M.; Adkins, Jess F.; Clark, Brian R.; Conroy, Jessica L.; Lejau, Syria; Malang, Jenny; Tuen, Andrew Alek

doi:10.1126/science.1233797

Cited by 160 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…3). The remaining records of hydrological changes from the equatorial and northern Indian Ocean 26,27 (including our records) suggest drier conditions during Heinrich stadial 1, in agreement with our model simulation. As part of the Hadley cell reorganization during Heinrich stadials, the Indian summer monsoon weakens.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…The resulting precipitation anomaly mirrors the meridional dipole-shaped rainfall anomaly in the tropical Atlantic region 2 . By contrast, our data suggesting little glacial-interglacial hydrologic change in the eastern Indian Ocean add to a growing body of evidence that the response of regional hydroclimate on millennial timescales was substantially greater than that on glacial-interglacial timescales 21,26 .…”

contrasting

confidence: 69%

“…We expect that these fore-arc basins were even more detached from large-scale surface circulation in the Indian Ocean during the last glacial period, when sea level was mostly below their sill depth. In addition, a stalagmite record from Borneo 26 47 and the Timor Sea 48 that lack any surface ocean connection to our study area. It is hard to explain such a consistent pattern in terrestrial and marine archives without involving changes in regional convective activity.…”

Section: Modern Climate Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 89%

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North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

Mohtadi

Prange

Oppo

et al. 2014

Nature

252

228

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The response of the tropical climate in the Indian Ocean realm to abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean is contentious. Repositioning of the intertropical convergence zone is thought to have been responsible for changes in tropical hydroclimate during North Atlantic cold spells 1-5 , but the dearth of high-resolution records outside the monsoon realm in the Indian Ocean precludes a full understanding of this remote relationship and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich stadials and the Younger Dryas stadial affected the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate through changes to the Hadley circulation including a southward shift in the rising branch (the intertropical convergence zone) and an overall weakening over the southern Indian Ocean. Our results are based on new, high-resolution sea surface temperature and seawater oxygen isotope records of well dated sedimentary archives from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 45,000 years, combined with climate model simulations of Atlantic circulation slowdown under Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 boundary conditions. Similar conditions in the east and west of the basin rule out a zonal dipole structure as the dominant forcing of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate of millennial-scale events. Results from our simulations and proxy data suggest dry conditions in the northern Indian Ocean realm and wet and warm conditions in the southern realm during North Atlantic cold spells.In the North Atlantic, the most recent glacial and deglacial periods are characterized by a series of abrupt and severe cold snaps of millennial duration associated with either iceberg instabilities and surges (Heinrich events) or freshwater input from the Arctic Ocean 6 (the Younger Dryas). These abrupt events are of particular interest because they were rapidly communicated through the ocean by a slowdown, or potentially a shutdown, of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 7 (AMOC) and through the atmospheric circulation 8 causing climate anomalies worldwide. Climate archives document a significant tropical hydrologic response to these events. Dry Younger Dryas and Heinrich stadials have been reported from various marine and terrestrial archives across the tropical Indian Ocean 4,9-14 .However, a few records suggest wet Younger Dryas or Heinrich stadials over northeast Australia 15 , southern Indonesia 5,16 and southeast Africa 12,17 . Although there seems to be strong evidence that the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moved southwards in the tropical Atlantic 2 , a wide range of mechanisms have been offered to explain the connection between the cooling of the North Atlantic and tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimates: a weakening of the rainfall system in response to regional sea surface cooling 13,14 ; and changes in the monsoon intensity 4,10,16 associated with a southward shift in the mean 1 or winter 4,5,15 position of the ITCZ or in the position of oceanic fronts 18 .How...

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supporting

confidence: 90%

contrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Modern Climate Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 89%

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North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

Mohtadi

Prange

Oppo

et al. 2014

Nature

252

228

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“…Unfortunately, many of these records are relatively short and discontinuous, limiting their utility to detect the relationship between regional climate change and global forcing. New, long, high-resolution oxygen isotopic (δ 18 O) records from speleothems from northern Borneo paint a very different picture of Indo-Pacific paleoclimate, suggesting that orbital-scale changes in regional convection are dominantly controlled by changes in equatorial insolation driven by orbital precession (10). On the other hand, marine sedimentary runoff records from southern Java imply little change in IPWP hydrology at glacial-interglacial timescales (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial forcing of central Indonesian hydroclimate since 60,000 y B.P.

Russell

Vogel

Konecky

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

188

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The Indo-Pacific warm pool houses the largest zone of deep atmospheric convection on Earth and plays a critical role in global climate variations. Despite the region's importance, changes in Indo-Pacific hydroclimate on orbital timescales remain poorly constrained. Here we present high-resolution geochemical records of surface runoff and vegetation from sediment cores from Lake Towuti, on the island of Sulawesi in central Indonesia, that continuously span the past 60,000 y. We show that wet conditions and rainforest ecosystems on Sulawesi present during marine isotope stage 3 (MIS3) and the Holocene were interrupted by severe drying between ∼33,000 and 16,000 y B.P. when Northern Hemisphere ice sheets expanded and global temperatures cooled. Our record reveals little direct influence of precessional orbital forcing on regional climate, and the similarity between MIS3 and Holocene climates observed in Lake Towuti suggests that exposure of the Sunda Shelf has a weaker influence on regional hydroclimate and terrestrial ecosystems than suggested previously. We infer that hydrological variability in this part of Indonesia varies strongly in response to high-latitude climate forcing, likely through reorganizations of the monsoons and the position of the intertropical convergence zone. These findings suggest an important role for the tropical western Pacific in amplifying glacial-interglacial climate variability.tropical Pacific | paleoclimate | geochemistry | paleoecology

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“…Likewise, stalagmites from Borneo have documented northern equatorial climate change from 570 to 210 kyr BP 25 and over the last 100 kyr 14,15 . Stalagmite d 18 O records of the Australian-Indonesian summer monsoon (AISM), however, are still discontinuous and limited to the last 40 kyr 24,26,27 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation

et al. 2013

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International audienceRecent studies have proposed that millennial-scale reorganization of the ocean-atmosphere circulation drives increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, leading to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and ice age terminations. Southward migration of the global monsoon is thought to link the hemispheres during deglaciation, but vital evidence from the southern sector of the vast Australasian monsoon system is yet to emerge. Here we present a 230thorium-dated stalagmite oxygen isotope record of millennial-scale changes in Australian- Indonesian monsoon rainfall over the last 31,000 years. The record shows that abrupt southward shifts of the Australian-Indonesian monsoon were synchronous with North Atlantic cold intervals 17,600-11,500 years ago. The most prominent southward shift occurred in lock-step with Heinrich Stadial 1 (17,600-14,600 years ago), and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our findings show that millennial-scale climate change was transmitted rapidly across Australasia and lend support to the idea that the 3,000-year-long Heinrich 1 interval could have been critical in driving the last deglaciation. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3908

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Varied Response of Western Pacific Hydrology to Climate Forcings over the Last Glacial Period

Cited by 160 publications

References 40 publications

North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate

Glacial forcing of central Indonesian hydroclimate since 60,000 y B.P.

Rapid interhemispheric climate links via the Australasian monsoon during the last deglaciation

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