Varieties of Temporal Experience in Depression

Ratcliffe, Matthew

doi:10.1093/jmp/jhs010

Cited by 110 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These findings may improve the validity of the construct of MDD and its diagnostic specificity, especially shedding light on the uncertain borders between "minor" and "major" forms of depression. A more detailed phenomenal characterization of ATE may lead to the identification of diagnostically specific ATE [97] , in contrast to the transnosological value of neurocognitive disorders of time perception, thus allowing a focus on the question of how to link brain and experience.…”

Section: Vital Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

et al. 2016

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Background: Phenomenological psychopathology, through theoretical and idiographic studies, conceptualizes major depressive disorder (MDD) as a disorder of time experience. Investigations on abnormal time experience (ATE) in MDD adopting methodologies requested by the standards of empirical sciences are still lacking. Our study aimed to provide a qualitative analysis, on an empirical ground and on a large scale, of narratives of temporal experiences of persons affected by MDD. Methods: We interviewed 550 consecutive patients affected by affective and schizophrenic disorders. Clinical files were analysed by means of consensual qualitative research. Results: Out of 100 MDD patients, 96 reported at least 1 ATE. The principal categories of ATE are vital retardation - the experience of a stagnation of endogenous vital processes (37 patients), the experience of present and future dominated by the past (29 patients), and the experience of the slackening of the flow oftime (25 patients). A comparison with ATE in schizophrenia patients showed that in MDD, unlike in schizophrenia, there is no disarticulation of time experience (disorder of temporal synthesis) but rather a disorder of conation or inhibition of becoming. Limitations: The interview style was not meant to make a quantitative assessment (“false negatives” cannot be excluded). Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relevance of distinctive features of ATE in MDD, support the hypothesis of an intrinsic disordered temporal structure in depressive symptoms, and may have direct implications in clinical practice, especially in relation to differential diagnosis, setting the boundaries between “true” and milder forms of depression, and neurobiological research.

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Section: Vital Retardationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

et al. 2016

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“…Depressed patients systematically report a slowing down of time. Depression is thus a mood disorder that changes the subjective experience of time (Gallagher, 2012;Msetfi, Murphy & Kornbrot, 2012;Ratcliffe, 2012). But which cognitive processes subtend this specific subjective experience of time, this feeling of a slowdown in the passage of time?…”

Section: Subjective Experience Of Time's Passage and Affective Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans often have the uncanny impression that time is speeding up, slowing down or even grinding to a halt. When individuals become depressed, for example, they experience a slowing down of time, such that 'a day feels like a year' (Ratcliffe, 2012). Similarly in everyday life, our experience of time fluctuates according to our affects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

Droit‐Volet

Fayolle

Lamotte

et al. 2013

Timing Time Percept

130

127

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The past few decades have seen an explosion in studies exploring the effects of emotion on time judgments. The aim of this review is to describe the results of these studies and to look at how they try to explain the time distortions produced by emotion. We begin by examining the findings on time judgments in affective disorders, which allow us to make a clear distinction between the feelings of time distortion that originate from introspection onto subjective personal experience, and the effects of emotion on the basic mechanisms involved in time perception. We then report the results of behavioral studies that have tested the effects of emotions on time perceptions and the temporal processing of different emotional stimuli (e.g. facial expressions, affective pictures or sounds). Finally, we describe our own studies of the embodiment of timing. Overall, the different results on time and emotion suggest that temporal distortions are an indicator of how our brain and body adapt to the dynamic structure of our environment.

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“…In a variety of ways, these problems or symptoms may be reflected in a patient’s narratives. It is also possible, however, that narrative structures, including temporal and syntactical structures, may be disrupted, for example, in schizophrenia [111-114] or depression [103, 114-117] or dysnarrativa [118]. 17 This is a complication discussed in the next section where we suggest that self-narratives may reflect all of the other elements of the self-pattern.…”

Section: The Pattern Theory Of Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Phenomenology of Self-Patterns in Psychopathological Diagnosis and Therapy

Daly

Gallagher

2019

Psychopathology

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Categorization-based diagnosis, which endeavors to be consistent with the third-person, objective measures of science, is not always adequate with respect to problems concerning diagnostic accuracy, demarcation problems when there are comorbidities, well-documented problems of symptom amplification, and complications of stigmatization and looping effects. While psychiatric categories have proved useful and convenient for clinicians in identifying a recognizable constellation of symptoms typical for a particular disorder for the purposes of communication and eligibility for treatment regimes, the reification of these categories has without doubt had negative consequences for the patient and also for the general understanding of psychiatric disorders. We argue that a complementary, integrated framework that focuses on descriptive symptom-based classifications (drawing on phenomenological interview methods and narrative) combined with a more comprehensive conception of the human subject (found in the pattern theory of self), can not only offer a solution to some of the vexed issues of psychiatric diagnosis but also support more efficacious therapeutic interventions.

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Varieties of Temporal Experience in Depression

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

Abnormal Time Experiences in Major Depression: An Empirical Qualitative Study

Time, Emotion and the Embodiment of Timing

Towards a Phenomenology of Self-Patterns in Psychopathological Diagnosis and Therapy

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