Varieties of Typhus Virus and the Epidemiology of the American Form of European Typhus Fever (Brill's Disease.)*

Zinsser, Hans

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118091

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In 1489, a Spanish army had blockaded the Moors inside their stronghold at Granada, when an epidemic of louseborne typhus hit the Spanish army and within a month killed approximately 17,000 of the original 25,000 soldiers. As a result, Granada remained in the hands of Moors (28,29). In 1527, Francis I of France was marching into Italy to free the Papal States.…”

Section: İnsan Bitleri: Pediculus Humanus Ve Pthirus Pubis'in Vektörlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vectorial capacity of human lice: Pediculus humanus and Pthirus pubis

Mumcuoglu¹

2013

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is the vector of Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus, Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of louse-borne relapsing fever and Bartonella quintana, and the agent of trench fever. Although Acinobacter baumannii and Serratia marcescens have been detected in body lice, their vectorial capacity for these pathogens is not yet clear. Under experimental conditions, it was shown that body lice become infested and later transmit pathogens such as Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia rickettsiae, however in these cases it is not known if this could happen under natural conditions. The vectorial ability of head lice remains quite controversial. Under experimental conditions head lice were infected with R. prowazekii and disseminate this pathogen in their feces, showing that these lice have the potential to be a vector pathogen under optimal epidemiologic conditions, e.g., during outbreaks of epidemic typhus. Head lice and their eggs collected from children and homeless people were tested positive for B. quintana. Pubic lice are not known to be vectors of any human pathogenic microorganisms under field conditions. Human lice are hematophagous ectoparasitic insects. They are permanent parasites specific to humans, spending their entire life on their host. Humans are parasitized by two species of lice: The human louse, Pediculus humanus, which appears in two ecotypes, the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis and the body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus. The second species is the pubic louse, Pthirus pubis. Infestation with lice can cause dermatitis and pruritus and as a result of scratching, excoriations and secondary infections may develop. Since the early years of the 20 th century, it has been known that body lice are vectors of three pathogenic bacteria: a) Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus; b) Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of louse-borne relapsing fever; and c) Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever.

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Section: İnsan Bitleri: Pediculus Humanus Ve Pthirus Pubis'in Vektörlmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vectorial capacity of human lice: Pediculus humanus and Pthirus pubis

Mumcuoglu¹

2013

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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“…Relapses will then occur frequently, the so-called Brill-Zinsser disease (relapsing disease first described by Nathan Brill in New York in 1898 [67]). The epidemiological connection was established by Hans Zinsser in 1933 [68].…”

Section: Infection and Infectious Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Arbobacteria – Pathogens Transmittable by Arthropods

Blut¹,

Krankheitserreger»²

2009

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…This method lhas proved of value in suich diseases as polio- Trlese persons miay tlien inifect hiumiiiani body lice, whliclh feed oni tlhemn (16). Man, tlherefore, mi-iay serve as ani interepidenic reservoir foir this agenit, as originally proposedl by Zinsser (15). (18,19 Oii tIme basis of these tests there was nio diflerence in the virulenice of the strains of A-prime isolated in 19,52 anid 1955.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

The Epidemic Climate: PHR Review

Price¹

1956

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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Varieties of Typhus Virus and the Epidemiology of the American Form of European Typhus Fever (Brill's Disease.)*

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

The vectorial capacity of human lice: Pediculus humanus and Pthirus pubis

The vectorial capacity of human lice: Pediculus humanus and Pthirus pubis

Arbobacteria – Pathogens Transmittable by Arthropods

The Epidemic Climate: PHR Review

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