“…Often, it is viewed as a tangible outcome of effective social care provision (Vernon and Qureshi, 2000). The discourse on self-reliance is vast, encompassing ethical considerations (Sniderman and Brody, 1977;Roberts and Huberfeld, 2015;Zwaard, 2021), outcome measurement in healthcare (Vernon and Qureshi, 2000;Heuzels, 2017), conceptual definitions (Vlind, 2012;Brink, 2013;Dudevszky and Lohman, 2015;Meinema, 2017), empowerment (Orrego et al, 2016), and its diverse interpretations across various stakeholder groups (Denters et al, 2019;Eggink et al, 2020;Lenkens et al, 2020;Appleton et al, 2021;R� o_ zyk-Myrta et al, 2021). Given the different definitions and descriptions in the literature, referring to the Dutch legal framework will provide an outcome for the case study.…”