Various causes related to dead-in-shell embryos of crossbred (PB-2 x Indigenous) chicken egg

Abstract

How to cite this article: Kalita N, Pathak N, Ahmed M and Saikia GK (2013) Various causes related to dead-in-shell embryos of crossbred (PB-2 x Indigenous) chicken egg,Veterinary World 6(10):774-777. Introductioncrossbred chicken, being maintained at "All India Coordinated Research project (AICRP) on Poultry The demand of poultry and poultry products in the Breeding", Department of Poultry Science, College of North East region of India is very high as majority of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, the people of this region are non-vegetarian and they Khanapara . preferred poultry meat and egg. The production of poultry meat and egg has shown an increasing trend Materials and Methods with the introduction of improved breeds/strains ofThe study was conducted during the period of poultry. Today, the broiler sector is growing at the rate October, 2011 to December, 2011. In total 1377 egg of 8-10% per annum as compared to the dairy sector were incubated which was collected from a flock of which grows at the rate of 5-6 per cent per annum [1].crossbreed bird (PB-2 x Indigenous) chicken being But the increase is not proportional to the efforts due to maintained at the "AICRP on Poultry Breeding", various set back like infectious diseases, managemental Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary problems, hatchery problems etc. In a study [2] Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22. A total of recorded 8.96% incidence of dead-in-shell embryos 568 egg have been failed to pip out, of the total 1377 out of 48,831 incubated eggs. Available literature did nos. of egg incubated were utilized for further study as not reveal much systematic works on the dead-in-shell stated below: embryos of chicken in Assam. The dead-in-shell Pathological study: embryos indicate the hygienic and managementalGross examination: The infertile and dead-in-shell status of the hatcheries and this further leads to early embryos were calculated from the eggs which fail to chick mortality. pip out. All the dead-in-shell embryos were examined Therefore, a systematic study has been planned to for different anomalies as well as pathological evaluate the causes of dead-in-shell embryos of conditions through necropsy examination. chicken egg collected from the PB-2 x Indigenous Bacteriological examination: Among the 67 dead-inshell embryos with pathological condition but without any developmental anomalies, suitable materials viz. pieces of liver, lung and yolk sac contents were Veterinary World,

Fertility and Hatchability of Indigenous Siruvidai Chicken of Tamil Nadu

“…A closer value of 87.52% has been reported in indigenous birds of Assam (Islam et al, 2014). However, a very low value of 41.36 and 58.75 hatchability (%) on total egg set were recorded in indigenous (Kalita et al, 2012) and crossbred with indigenous (Kalita et al, 2013) birds. The hatchability of eggs from the fertile eggs set in different hatches in this study ranged from 92.73 to 98.75%, with overall value of 95.28%.…”

Teratological Effects of Dimethoate on 12th Day Desi Chick Embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus)

“…While only 10% embryos were found dead in the control group. Various factors might be responsible for the embryos death in the control group such as air hunger, quality of the eggs, genetic factor, breed, pathological conditions, lack of proper hygiene and position of the egg during incubation and orientation of the primitive streak also play crucial role in the viability of embryos (Kalita et al, 2013;Byerly and Olsen, 1931). Juhasz et al (2005) and Budai et al (2003) in their individual experiments studied the embryotoxic effect of dimethoate and heavy metal load of the environment on the early phase of chick development.…”

Risk to public and/or animal health of the treatment of dead‐in‐shell chicks (Category 2 material) to be used as raw material for the production of biogas or compost with Category 3 approved method

“…Failure to decontaminate hatcher baskets or contamination of the wash machines or storage areas used for the baskets can also contribute to ongoing infection of chicks (Davies and Wray, 1994). Management of conditions such as turning frequency, careful handling, temperature, humidity, levels of ventilation; oxygen and other atmospheric/exhaust gases, and bacterial or fungal contamination is important for maximising hatchability (Pattison et al, 2008;Kalita et al, 2013). Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Streptococcus and Salmonella are most likely to be found in association with embryonic mortality caused by bacterial contamination (Al-Sadi et al, 2000).…”