Various low group velocity effects in photonic crystal line defect waveguides and their demonstration by laser oscillation

Kiyota, Kazuaki; Kise, Tomofumi; Yokouchi, N.; Ide, Toshihide; Baba, Toshihiko

doi:10.1063/1.2204647

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…We see that the spatial gain enhancement is cancelled out due to the longer roundtrip time, which is basically a statement that the rate of gain per unit time is unaffected by slow-light [27]. Fabrication induced disorder approximately scales as α W G = Sα 1 + S 2 α 2 [12,17], where the first term, with coefficient α 1 , accounts for out-of-plane scattering and absorption losses and the second term, with coefficient α 2 , represents back-scattering.…”

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confidence: 92%

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Threshold Characteristics of Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Lasers

Xue

Ottaviano

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The threshold properties of photonic crystal quantum dot lasers operating in the slow-light regime are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements show that, in contrast to conventional lasers, the threshold gain attains a minimum value for a specific cavity length. The experimental results are explained by an analytical theory for the laser threshold that takes into account the effects of slow light and random disorder due to unavoidable fabrication imperfections. Longer lasers are found to operate deeper into the slow-light region, leading to a trade-off between slow-light induced reduction of the mirror loss and slow-light enhancement of disorder-induced losses.PACS numbers: 42.55. Tv, 42.70.Qs, Slow light in photonic crystal (PhC) line-defect waveguides [1] enhances the interaction between the propagating light wave and the material of the waveguide, and has enabled the demonstration of increased material nonlinearity [2], enhanced spontaneous emission into the propagating mode [3,4], and enhanced material gain [5]. Such engineering of fundamental materials properties is important for the development of integrated photonic circuits, with applications in classical as well as quantum information technology. Microcavity lasers can be realized in the same PhC membrane structure by exploiting highquality point-defect cavities and in the past decade significant progress was made [6][7][8], culminating in recent demonstrations of high-speed electrically pumped structures [9]. Such PhC lasers allow the exploration of new operation regimes, such as single emitter lasing [10] and ultra-high speed modulation [11]. However, while it was shown that slow light in combination with random spatial disorder leads to very rich physics [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], the role of slow light on lasers realized using defect cavities has apparently not been systematically investigated. For the case of passive point-defect cavities, it is well known that disorder is an important factor limiting the quality factor [19][20][21][22] but the role of slow light in extended active cavities is not well understood.In this paper, we report experimental results on PhC quantum dot lasers with variable cavity length and show that these attain a minimum threshold gain for a certain cavity length, in stark contrast to conventional lasers, where the threshold gain decreases monotonically with cavity length. We derive a rate equation including the effect of slow-light propagation and show that the experimental observations may be explained when taking into account disorder-induced losses. These results show that disorder may lead to fundamental limitations on the performance of nanostructured lasers, but the results also demonstrate a promising platform for investigating disorder effects in active structures, such as the competition between deterministic cavity modes and random modes formed by Anderson localization [18]. . The PhC structure has a lattice constant of a = 438 nm and an air-hole radius of 0.25a. A so-called LN cavity [25...

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confidence: 92%

“…3. However, since the effective material gain per unit length also increases in the slow-light region [5], and the positive role of slow light on promoting laser oscillation in similar-type lasers was suggested [27], a more complete analysis is required.…”

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confidence: 99%

Threshold Characteristics of Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Lasers

Xue

Ottaviano

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…2͑b͒, peak 4 has a notably broad linewidth ͓full width at half maximum ͑FWHM͒ is ϳ12 nm͔ compared to the other modes ͑FWHMs of peak 2 and 5 are ϳ0.6 nm, peak 3 is ϳ0.4 nm͒. Only peak 4, which originates from the ⌫ point of the PC lattice and is a PBGguided mode, 19 lies above the light line and hence is a leaky mode. To confirm the effect of the light line, each mode's Q factor was calculated by 3D FDTD and found to be in good agreement with the experiment.…”

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confidence: 95%

Light-emission properties of quantum dots embedded in a photonic double-heterostructure nanocavity

Stumpf

Fujita

Yamaguchi

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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The authors report on the investigation of the light-emission properties of quantum dots in a photonic double-heterostructure nanocavity. The emission spectrum clearly allows the identification of the cavity and waveguide band edge modes. The frequency and polarization characteristics are in good agreement with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations. Resonant waveguide band edge mode excitation is demonstrated to reduce the background intensity that does not originate from the cavity and consequently cavity mode properties become evident. Finally, the Q value is estimated and discussed.

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“…The peak lasing threshold pump power is about 650 μW. The large spectral separation between the lasing modes excludes the possibility of band edge lasing and support lasing from microfiber-induced RPC modes [1,44,[56][57][58]. In the case of the band edge lasing, the spectral interval between the successive modes is be <0.2 nm estimated by the Fabry-Perot condition of Δk = π=L, where L (50 μm) is the length of the photonic crystal pattern.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Relocation Of Resonant Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐demand photonic crystal resonators

Kim

Kang

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Recent progress in the field of re-locatable photonic crystal resonators is discussed with a particular emphasis on the flexible scheme that employs highly-curved microfiber. In this scheme a spectrally-tunable high-quality-factor resonator can be defined repeatedly by physically moving a curved microfiber to a new position. When a curved microfiber is placed on top of a photonic crystal waveguide (or photonic crystal), a photonic well is newly created in the vicinity of the contact point. Inside of this photonic well, high-quality-factor resonant modes are generated at frequencies below the cutoff edge of the guided mode. The tapered microfiber is an integral part of a single mode optical fiber and efficient out-coupling is naturally obtained. The sub-nanometer spectral tuning capability that is available by changing the curvature of the microfiber is also an important characteristic and discussed. This spectrally-and spatiallyreconfigurable photonic crystal resonator is expected to be a potential platform for photonic crystal based single photon sources, which enables accurate spatial overlap and spectral overlap with a single quantum dot, together with straightforward photon out-coupling to the fiber with high efficiency.

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Various low group velocity effects in photonic crystal line defect waveguides and their demonstration by laser oscillation

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Threshold Characteristics of Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Lasers

Threshold Characteristics of Slow-Light Photonic Crystal Lasers

Light-emission properties of quantum dots embedded in a photonic double-heterostructure nanocavity

On‐demand photonic crystal resonators

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