Varying roles of ENSO and SAM on the Antarctic Peninsula climate in austral spring

Clem, Kyle R.; Fogt, Ryan L.

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50860

Cited by 100 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…ENSO also plays a role through the modulation of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (IPCZ); however, the relationship between snow accumulation and both SAM and ENSO is not temporally stable (Thomas et al, 2008Goodwin et al, 2016). It has been suggested that the coupling between these two modes of variability modulates snow accumulation in the AP (Clem and Fogt, 2013) and may explain the acceleration since the 1990s when both modes are inphase. The increased snowfall has also been linked to warming sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific , an area not associated with ENSO, and with the phase changes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which exhibits major phase shifts in the late 1940s and mid1970s (Goodwin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Antarctic Peninsula (Ap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Here we present Antarctic snow accumulation variability at the regional scale over the past 1000 years. A total of 79 ice core snow accumulation records were gathered and assigned to seven geographical regions, separating the high-accumulation coastal zones below 2000 m of elevation from the dry central Antarctic Plateau. The regional composites of annual snow accumulation were evaluated against modelled surface mass balance (SMB) from RACMO2.3p2 and precipitation from ERA-Interim reanalysis. With the exception of the Weddell Sea coast, the low-elevation composites capture the regional precipitation and SMB variability as defined by the models. The central Antarctic sites lack coherency and either do not represent regional precipitation or indicate the model inability to capture relevant precipitation processes in the cold, dry central plateau. Our results show that SMB for the total Antarctic Ice Sheet (including ice shelves) has increased at a rate of 7 ± 0.13 Gt decade −1 since 1800 AD, representing a net reduction in sea level of ∼ 0.02 mm decade −1 since 1800 and ∼ 0.04 mm decade −1 since 1900 AD. The largest contribution is from the Antarctic Peninsula (∼ 75 %) where the annual average SMB during the most recent decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)) is 123 ± 44 Gt yr −1 higher than the annual average during the first decade of the 19th century. Only four ice core records cover the full 1000 years, and they suggest a decrease in snow accumulation during this period. However, our study emphasizes the importance of low-elevation coastal zones, which have been under-represented in previous investigations of temporal snow accumulation.

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Section: Antarctic Peninsula (Ap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years

et al. 2017

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“…In particular, Clem and Fogt (2013) demonstrated that the greater breadth of the ASL, stretching from the Ross through the Bellingshausen Seas, leads to uniform impacts on temperature, wind, and pressure across the Antarctic Peninsula in austral spring. In other cases, smaller spatial extents of the ASL tend to only influence the western Antarctic Peninsula, while the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula is more strongly modulated by variations in the SAM.…”

Section: Impacts Of the Amundsen Sea Low On Antarctic Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

The Amundsen Sea Low: Variability, Change, and Impact on Antarctic Climate

Raphael

Marshall

Turner

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

298

256

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The Amundsen Sea low (ASL) is a climatological low pressure center that exerts considerable influence on the climate of West Antarctica. Its potential to explain important recent changes in Antarctic climate, for example, in temperature and sea ice extent, means that it has become the focus of an increasing number of studies. Here, the authors summarize the current understanding of the ASL, using reanalysis datasets to analyze recent variability and trends, as well as ice-core chemistry and climate model projections, to examine past and future changes in the ASL, respectively. The ASL has deepened in recent decades, affecting the climate through its influence on the regional meridional wind field, which controls the advection of moisture and heat into the continent. Deepening of the ASL in spring is consistent with observed West Antarctic warming and greater sea ice extent in the Ross Sea. Climate model simulations for recent decades indicate that this deepening is mediated by tropical variability while climate model projections through the twenty-first century suggest that the ASL will deepen in some seasons in response to greenhouse gas concentration increases.

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“…However, this mode of climate variability has a marked impact on the southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean via both atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections (Meredith et al, 2008b;Turner, 2004;Yuan, 2004 Niño and/or negative SAM conditions result in the greater local preponderance of colder, drier air masses. The coincident phasing of these two atmospheric modes can thus amplify or dampen the atmospheric circulation changes and climatic anomalies at the WAP (Clem and Fogt, 2013;Fogt and Bromwich, 2006;Stammerjohn et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Water Masses Circulation and Variability At The Wapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing distributions of sea ice melt and meteoric water west of the Antarctic Peninsula

Meredith

Stammerjohn

Venables

et al. 2017

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Changing distributions of sea ice melt and meteoric water west of the Antarctic Peninsula, Deep-Sea Research Part II, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe Western Antarctic Peninsula has recently undergone rapid climatic warming, with associated decreases in sea ice extent and duration, and increases in precipitation and glacial discharge to the ocean. These shifts in the freshwater budget can have significant consequences on the functioning of the regional ecosystem, feedbacks on regional climate, and sea-level rise. Here we use shelf-wide oxygen isotope data from cruises in four consecutive Januaries (2011 to 2014) to distinguish the freshwater input from sea ice melt separately from that due to meteoric sources (precipitation plus glacial discharge). Sea ice melt distributions varied from minima in 2011 of around 0 % up to maxima in 2014 of around 4-5 %. Meteoric water contribution to the marine environment is typically elevated inshore, due to local glacial discharge and orographic effects on precipitation, but this enhanced contribution was largely absent in January 2013 due to anomalously low 2 precipitation in the last quarter of 2012. Both sea ice melt and meteoric water changes are seen to be strongly influenced by changes in regional wind forcing associated with the Southern Annular Mode and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon, which also impact on net sea ice motion as inferred from the isotope data. A near-coastal time series of isotope data collected from Rothera Research Station reproduces well the temporal pattern of changes in sea ice melt, but less well the meteoric water changes, due to local glacial inputs and precipitation effects.3

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Varying roles of ENSO and SAM on the Antarctic Peninsula climate in austral spring

Cited by 100 publications

References 44 publications

Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years

Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years

The Amundsen Sea Low: Variability, Change, and Impact on Antarctic Climate

Changing distributions of sea ice melt and meteoric water west of the Antarctic Peninsula

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