Vascular and metabolic comorbidities in open‐angle glaucoma with low‐ and high‐teen intraocular pressure: a cross‐sectional study from South Korea

Lee, Si Hyung; Kim, Gyu Ah; Lee, Wonseok; Bae, Hyoung Won; Seong, Gong Je; Kim, Chan Yun

doi:10.1111/aos.13487

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Lee et al conducted a cross-sectional study in South Korea and found that patients with NTG had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease and metabolic syndrome. 31 These findings are compatible with our findings in table 1 . Compared with patients with non-NTG, we also found that patients with NTG tended to be older and female predominant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association between normal tension glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesTo investigate a possible association between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNTG group and the comparison group were retrieved from the whole population of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2013.ParticipantsA total of 15 317 subjects with NTG were enrolled in the NTG group, and 61 268 age-matched and gender-matched subjects without glaucoma were enrolled in the comparison group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare the cumulative hazard of AD between the two groups. A multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of AD, adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease and stroke. Furthermore, risk factors for developing AD among the NTG group were investigated.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 62.1±12.5 years. Patients with NTG had significantly higher proportions of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, coronary artery disease and stroke than the comparisons. Patients with NTG had a significantly higher cumulative hazard for AD than the comparisons (p<0.0001). In the multivariable Cox regression after adjustment for confounders, the NTG group had a significantly higher risk of AD (adjusted HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.63). Moreover, in the NTG group, when we compared the effects of different types of glaucoma eye drops, none of the eye drops used were significant risk factors or protective factors for AD.ConclusionsPeople with NTG are at a significantly greater risk of developing AD compared with individuals without glaucoma. Among patients with NTG, none of the glaucoma eye drops used significantly changed the risk of subsequent AD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Association between normal tension glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

et al. 2018

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“…Of these studies, 18 studies reported on the relationship between hyperlipidemia (hyperlipidemia or hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia) and glaucoma, 7,8,32,34-39,44,45,47,48,50- 54 1 on blood highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level and glaucoma, 55 1 on hyperlipidemia and OHT, 42 5 on blood triglyceride level and IOP, 9,10,33,43,46 2 on blood HDL-c level and IOP, 10,43 2 on total cholesterol level and IOP, 43,46 1 on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), 43 and 3 on hyperlipidemia and IOP. 40,41,49 When assessing the relationship between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma, four studies [34][35][36]39 reported on the association between both hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia and glaucoma. We assumed that the hypercholesterolemia patients and the hypertriglyceridemia patients were the subjects of two separate studies.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlipidemia, Blood Lipid Level, and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis

Wang

Bao

2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

104

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PURPOSE. Previous studies reported that hyperlipidemia and blood lipid levels were associated with glaucoma, ocular hypertension (OHT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). However, studies aimed at investigating this association have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, to shed light on these inconclusive findings, we performed multiple distinct meta-analyses to clarify the association of hyperlipidemia and blood lipid levels with glaucoma, OHT, and IOP. METHODS. A systematic literature search from Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies. To assess the association between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma, we used the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). When we assessed the association between blood lipid levels and IOP levels, the pooled mean difference in IOP associated with a 10 mg/dL increase in the blood lipid level was estimated. The pooled difference in IOP was also estimated between patients with and without hyperlipidemia. All the papers that assessed the correlation between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma, between blood lipid levels and IOP levels, and between hyperlipidemia and IOP were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS. We detected a marked association between hyperlipidemia and glaucoma (OR ¼ 1.37; 95% CI ¼ 1.16-1.61), with significant heterogeneity among studies. However, hyperlipidemia was not significantly associated with glaucoma in our analysis of only crosssectional studies, studies that reported only on hypercholesterolemia patients, studies that were conducted only in North America and Europe, or studies in which normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients were included only in the subgroup analyses. The pooled results showed that an increase of 10 mg/dL in blood triglyceride levels would increase the IOP by 0.016 mm Hg (95% CI ¼ 0.009-0.024), with evident heterogeneity between studies (P < 0.001; I 2 ¼ 92.0%). The pooled results showed that the blood total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) level both had a significant association with IOP. When compared to the patients with nonhyperlipidemia, those with hyperlipidemia had a significantly higher IOP of 0.51 mm Hg (95% CI ¼ 0.18-0.83) (P ¼ 0.001 for heterogeneity; I 2 ¼ 81.6%). CONCLUSIONS. The evidence suggests that hyperlipidemia is significantly associated with an increased risk of glaucoma and that hyperlipidemia and the increased blood lipid levels are associated with increased IOP.

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“…A vascular aetiology has been hypothesized to play a critical role in glaucoma progression (Lee et al. ). The Leuven Eye Study conducted by Abegao Pinto et al.…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Ocular Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many patients suffer from glaucoma progression despite a normal IOP. A vascular aetiology has been hypothesized to play a critical role in glaucoma progression (Lee et al 2017). The Leuven Eye Study conducted by Abegao Pinto et al (2016) found that patients with glaucoma had lower retrobulbar velocities compared to the normal subjects.…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Ocular Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma‐related mental health

Zhu

Lai

Choy

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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The benefits of physical exercise on health and well-being have been studied in a wide range of systemic and ocular diseases, including glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and insufficient ocular perfusion have been postulated to be the two main theories in glaucoma development and progression. The effects of exercise in these two aspects have been demonstrated by numerous researches. A review in 2009 focusing on these two theories concluded that exercise results in transient IOP reduction but an inconsistent elevation in ocular perfusion. However, the majority of the studies had been conducted in healthy subjects. Over the past decade, technological advancement has brought forth new and more detailed evidence regarding the effects of exercise. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of exercise by upregulation of neurotrophin and enhancement of mitochondrial function has been a focus of interest. Apart from visual impairment, the mental health issues in patients with glaucoma, which include anxiety and depression, should also be addressed. In this review, we mainly focus on publications from the recent years, so as to provide a comprehensive review on the impact of physical exercise on IOP, ocular perfusion, neuroprotection and mental health in patients with glaucoma.

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Vascular and metabolic comorbidities in open‐angle glaucoma with low‐ and high‐teen intraocular pressure: a cross‐sectional study from South Korea

Abstract: Various vascular and metabolic comorbidities were significantly associated with low-teen OAG, but not with high-teen OAG. These data support the hypothesis that vascular factors play a more significant role in the pathogenesis of OAG with low-teen baseline IOP.

Cited by 44 publications

References 62 publications

Association between normal tension glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

Association between normal tension glaucoma and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

Hyperlipidemia, Blood Lipid Level, and the Risk of Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma‐related mental health

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