Vascular anomalies of the female external genitalia

Genitourinary and perineal vascular anomalies in children: A Seattle children's experience

“…With a growing body of literature understanding the molecular and genetic make-up of these lesions [4,10e12], and a shift to tertiary referral and expert care of these lesions, diagnosis, management, and treatment outcomes for these patients continues to improve [1e3,5]. Two percent of all VA in our program involved genital or perineal location (85/3780), consistent with other studies (2.3e3%) [2,3]. Of these, VT such as IH was the most common diagnoses in the genitalia.…”

“…Ultimately, if left untreated these anomalies can affect urinary, sexual, reproductive, and psychological function. Only two other retrospective reviews have studied pediatric perineal VA, and both studies consisted of patients referred to the Vascular Anomalies Center at Children's Hospital in Boston, who were managed primarily elsewhere [2,3].…”

Vascular anomalies of the male genitalia

“…It is more prevalent in whites (4%) and females (3 females: 1 male) [2,3]. In our series, IH was identified in 8.5% of patients with a vascular anomaly, predictably lower than the 24.4% occurrence observed in our series of vascular anomalies of the female genitalia [4]. Genital lesions are rare, affecting approximately 1% of patients with IH [5,6].…”

Vaginal haemangioendothelioma: an unusual tumour

“…Uterine, cervical and vaginal haemangioendotheliomas have been described as rare lesions of the female genital tract [1]. To our knowledge, this case is only the third vaginal haemangioendothelioma described in the literature [2,3]. Haemangioendotheliomas are of borderline or intermediate malignant potential.…”

“…While the overall prognosis is relatively good, certain subgroups such as epithelioid haemangioendothelioma exhibit more aggressive behaviour with about 30% of epithelioid haemangioendotheliomas eventually metastasising [5]. As a group, the haemangioendotheliomas have a propensity for local invasion and recurrence [3]. In addition, the tumour in this case was noted to have features of haemangiopericytoma.…”