Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed along with its receptors during the healing process of bone and bone marrow after drill-hole injury in rats

Positive effect of tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on fracture healing in rat femur

“…Local levels of endogenous VEGF peak at five days and decrease toward normal levels at day 10 after fracture [24] or bony injury. [25] However, analysis of Histing et al [11] occurred on day 14 after fracture.…”

Mechanical stress up-regulates RANKL expression via the VEGF autocrine pathway in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

“…The results suggest that osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells up-regulate VEGF/ VEGFR-1 as a reaction to mechanical stress. As VEGF supports the differentiation and migration of osteoclasts and osteoblasts (9,10,(17)(18)(19), the VEGF/VEGFR-1 autocrine pathway is thought to play an important role in bone resorption. A recent report suggested that the VEGF signalling pathway through the VEGFR-1 tyrosine kinase domain is implicated in osteoblast development (33).…”

“…Therefore, bone vascularization by VEGF-A may lead to the recruitment of osteoblasts and osteoclasts for bone matrix remodeling. Previous studies have reported that the differentiation and migration of osteoblasts are supported by VEGFR-1 signaling (17)(18)(19).…”

VEGF incorporated into calcium phosphate ceramics promotes vascularisation and bone formation in vivo

“…High VEGF concentrations were shown to increase vascular permeability, cause vessel leakage and induce the formation of malformed, non-functional blood vessels (Chang et al, 2000;Drake and Little, 1995;Horowitz et al, 1997;Vajanto et al, 2002). The majority of VEGF delivery systems described previously lead to the release of high amounts of the growth factor during the initial Promotion of biomaterial vascularization phase after biomaterial implantation (Ennett et al, 2006;Gao et al, 2007;Kempen et al, 2009;Murphy et al, 2004;Patel et al, 2008).…”