Vascular Function and Myocardial Performance Indices in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Faienza, Maria Felicia; Brunetti, Giacomina; Delvecchio, Maurizio; Zito, Annapaola; Palma, Fabrizia De; Cortese, Francesca; Nitti, Adriana; Massari, Elena; Gesualdo, Michele; Ricci, Gabriella; Carbonara, Santa; Giordano, Paola; Scicchitano, Pietro; Ciccone, Marco Matteo

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-15-1038

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The early increase in cIMT in the present cohort suggests that vascular ageing and the development of pre-atherosclerotic lesions may be accelerated in SGA individuals (34). In these subjects, fetal cardiovascular reprogramming results in increased arterial stiffness, low arterial compliance and decreased angiogenesis, which in turn induce peripheral vascular resistance and endothelial dysfunction, prompting an increase in cIMT (35,36). In population-based studies, the increase in cIMT after fetal growth restriction is further enhanced when postnatal catch-up is marked (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth: normal heart but thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat in late infancy

et al. 2018

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Summary Background The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth leads to a thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat by age 3–6 years. Objectives To study whether carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and pre‐peritoneal fat differ already between catch‐up small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants and appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) controls in late infancy (ages 1 and 2 years) and whether such differences – if any – are accompanied by differences in cardiac morphology and function. Methods Longitudinal assessments included body height and weight; fasting glucose, insulin, Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I), high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin; body composition (by absorptiometry); cIMT, aortic IMT, pre‐peritoneal fat partitioning (by ultrasound); cardiac morphometry and function (by echocardiography) in AGA and SGA infants at birth, at age 1 year (N = 87), and again at age 2 years (N = 68). Results Catch‐up SGA infants had already a thicker cIMT than AGA controls at ages 1 and 2 years, and more pre‐peritoneal fat by age 2 years (all p values between <0.01 and <0.0001); all cardiac and endocrine‐metabolic results were similar in AGA and SGA infants at ages 1 and 2 years. Conclusions From late infancy onwards, catch‐up SGA infants have a thicker cIMT and more pre‐peritoneal fat than AGA controls, but their cardiac morphology and function remain reassuringly similar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth: normal heart but thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat in late infancy

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, infants born SGA exhibit significantly reduced LV GLS (-15.9 vs. -21.3%) compared to appropriately grown infants during the early neonatal period, and this has been related to the degree of arterial stiffness [22]. Other studies have demonstrated that myocardial dysfunction in SGA infants involves both ventricles in systole and diastole [5]. This cardiac dysfunction may represent the effects of both utero-placental insufficiency and prematurity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, IUGR infants demonstrate altered cardiac morphology and reduced myocardial function in the first week of life [4]. In addition, small for gestational age (SGA) infants have subtle alterations in left and right myocardial function during the early neonatal period [5], which remains evident on echocardiography in the first 6 months of age [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Maternal Gestational Hypertension and the Use of Anti-Hypertensives on Neonatal Myocardial Performance

Breatnach¹,

Monteith²,

McSweeney³

et al. 2017

Neonatology

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Background: Assessment of myocardial performance in neonates using advanced techniques such as deformation imaging and rotational mechanics has gained considerable interest. The applicability of these techniques for elucidating abnormal myocardial performance in various clinical scenarios is becoming established. We hypothesise that term infants born to mothers with gestational hypertension (GH) may experience impaired performance of the left and right ventricles during the early neonatal period. Objectives: We aimed to assess left and right ventricular (LV and RV) function using echocardiography in infants born to mothers with GH and compare them to a control group. Methods: Term infants (>36⁺⁶ weeks) born to mothers with GH underwent assessment to measure biventricular function using ejection fraction (EF), deformation imaging, left-ventricle rotational mechanics (apical rotation, basal rotation, twist, twist rate, and untwist rate), and right ventricle-specific functional parameters (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change) in the first 48 h after birth. A control group comprising infants born to healthy mothers was used for comparison. Results: Fifteen infants with maternal GH and 30 age-matched controls were enrolled. The GH infants exhibited no differences in birthweight or LV or RV length, but they had lower EF (54 vs. 61%; p < 0.01), LV global longitudinal strain (-20 vs. -25%; p < 0.01), and LV twist (11 vs. 16°; p = 0.04). There were no differences in any of the RV functional parameters. Conclusion: Infants born to mothers with GH exhibited lower LV function than healthy controls, while RV function appeared to be preserved. This relationship warrants further exploration in a larger cohort.

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“…On the other hand, studies concerning the cardiovascular risk profile [20], cardiac morphometry, cardiac function, and arterial biophysical profile at 2-5 postnatal days [21], and short stature [1,22] define SGA as either below the 3rd percentile or greater than 2 SDs below the mean, excluding all other percentiles below the 10th percentile and possibly patients who may be at risk.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Small at Birth, but How Small? The Definition of SGA Revisited

et al. 2016

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Vascular Function and Myocardial Performance Indices in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Cited by 28 publications

References 54 publications

The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth: normal heart but thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat in late infancy

The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and postnatal catch‐up growth: normal heart but thicker intima‐media and more pre‐peritoneal fat in late infancy

The Impact of Maternal Gestational Hypertension and the Use of Anti-Hypertensives on Neonatal Myocardial Performance

Small at Birth, but How Small? The Definition of SGA Revisited

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