Vascular Malformations of the Brain

Kaplan, Harry A.; Aronson, Stanley M; Browder, E. Jefferson

doi:10.3171/jns.1961.18.5.0630

Cited by 125 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1 -5 They are characterized morphologically by the absence of resistance vessels between abnormal arteries and veins. 6 The hemodynamic consequences of shunt flow through AVMs have been studied with intraoperative fluorescein angiography and krypton-85 clearance curve analysis, 7 -8 xenon-133 clearance, 9 and isotope brain scanning. 10 These and previous studies were restricted to the leptomeningeal circulation exposed at craniotomy, were limited by the reliability of the techniques employed, or were confined to measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF).…”

Section: Erebral Arteriovenous Malformations (Avm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cerebral arteriovenous malformations studied by positron emission tomography.

Tyler

Leblanc

Meyer

et al. 1989

Stroke

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Seventeen patients with an intracranial arteriovenous malformation were studied with positron emission tomography. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, oxygen extraction fraction, and glucose and oxygen metabolism were evaluated in both hemispheres, excluding the area of the malformation itself. Patients were divided into three groups according to the size of their malformation, and results obtained were compared with studies in healthy volunteers. The glucose metabolism was significantly (p<0.0l) decreased in the ipsilateral hemisphere in all patients. The cerebral blood volume was significantly increased (/?<0.001) ipsilaterally in the three groups, and contralaterally in patients with medium-and large-sized arteriovenous malformations. The cerebral blood volume to cerebral blood flow ratio, an index of vascular mean transit time, was significantly increased (p<0.005) ipsilaterally in patients with mediumand large-sized malformations and contralaterally in patients with large ones. Cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, and oxygen metabolism were within the normal range bilaterally in all three groups, but oxygen extraction fraction tended to be higher in patients with larger lesions. The lack of significant change in oxygen metabolism suggests that oxygen metabolism in cortical areas remote from the arteriovenous malformation has been maintained by compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms. These data reveal widespread metabolic and hemodynamic consequences of arteriovenous malformations and suggest that they are associated with impairment of glucose metabolism, both in ipsilateral regions remote from the lesion and in the contralateral hemisphere in patients with large lesions. (Stroke 1989;20:890-898)

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Section: Erebral Arteriovenous Malformations (Avm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cerebral arteriovenous malformations studied by positron emission tomography.

Tyler

Leblanc

Meyer

et al. 1989

Stroke

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“…It is postulated by Waltimo (1973) that these undifferentiated vessels do not tolerate the arterial pressure and therefore dilate (H~SiSk and Johanson 1958), and this might be the explanation of the growth of the malformation. According to Kaplan et al (1961), arteriovenous anomalies represent a defect in capillary development with formation of a gross arteriovenous shunt resulting in enlargement of related arterial and venous channels. That means that the fifth stage (Streeter) of vascular development characterized by histological changes in the walls of the vessel which begins to acquire the structural characteristics of adult arteries, veins or sinuses is not reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiographic contribution to the problem of enlargement of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Krayenbuhl

1977

Acta neurochir

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From a series of 325 cases of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, seven patients are reported presenting a change in size of the malformation in the course of several years. The enlargement of the malformation is documented by four vessel cerebral angiography, and haemodynamic and histopathological characteristics are discussed. Serial four vessel cerebral angiography is strongly indicated for accurate diagnosis, and radical excision of these malformations with the microtechnical method is advocated.

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“…

A family is reported in which 3 siblings, 2 with the same and the third with a different father, were demonstrated to have cerebral arteriovenous malforrnations.Snead O C 111, Acker JD, Morawetz R:Familial arteriovenous malformation.Ann Neurol 5: [585][586][587] 1979 Arteriovenous malformations have been reported to occur in more than one member of the same family four times previously [2,7,14, 161. This paper reports a fifth family in which 3 siblings, 2 by the same father and a third by a different father, had documented arteriovenous malformations.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%