Vascular plant species richness and distribution in the Río de la Plata grasslands

Andrade, Bianca Ott; Marchesi, Eduardo; Burkart, Silvia E.; Setubal, Robberson Bernal; Lezama, Felipe; Perelman, Susana B.; Schneider, Ângelo Alberto; Trevisan, Rafael; Overbeck, Gerhard Ernst; Boldrini, Ilsi Iob

doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy063

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As expected, the Campos Sulinos , and especially the Pampa grasslands, share many features and dominant species with Uruguayan grasslands located just south and adjacent to our study region (Altesor, Oesterheld, Leoni, Lezama, & Rodríguez, ). Indeed, the Río de la Plata grasslands can be considered as an ecological unit (Andrade et al., ), despite clear compositional changes along the latitudinal gradient. Further, few species, but many genera, are shared with the neotropical savanna ecosystems such as the Brazilian Cerrado, which are under a tropical seasonal climate and thus are ruled by distinct ecological processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of South Brazilian grasslands: Implications for conservation

Andrade

Bonilha

Overbeck

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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Aims We offer a first classification of South Brazilian grasslands (Campos Sulinos) based on quantitative vegetation data and describing grassland types in terms of dominant and indicator species. Location South Brazilian grasslands (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul states). Methods We described vegetation plots in 167 sampling units throughout the region using a stratified nested design, totalizing 1,502 1 m² quadrats. We classified vegetation using cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities, establishing three vegetation types and ten subtypes. We conducted indicator species analysis within the resulting subtypes, and for all possible combinations of subtypes. Results In the cluster analyses, a clear separation of poorly drained grasslands from the drier sites appeared. Further, a clear distinction between grasslands in the South Brazilian highland region, situated in the Atlantic Forest biome, and the grasslands of the Pampa biome, to the south, emerged, reflecting climatic and management differences. Highland grasslands showed lower species cover dominance, while in the Pampa, Paspalum notatum clearly was the most important species and the abundance of exotic species was higher. Conclusions Our study provides the first classification of South Brazilian grasslands based on quantitative vegetation data recorded in a standardized sampling design. The data support the division of grasslands into the main phytogeographic units of the region (Brazilian biome classification). Grasslands in these two regions also differ in terms of species dominance pattern (higher dominance in Pampa grasslands, likely also due to higher grazing levels) and in terms of conservation state (low presence of exotic species in highland grasslands). Our results are important for conservation policies, which can now consider the presence of different grassland types in different region, but more data will be necessary for a more detailed classification that considers different abiotic features in more detail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of South Brazilian grasslands: Implications for conservation

Andrade

Bonilha

Overbeck

et al. 2019

Applied Vegetation Science

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100

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“…Modeling domain comprised a 6-degree wide buffer in the region of the Río de La Plata grasslands/Pampa (Dixon et al 2014; Andrade et al 2018), which is the previously known distribution of the species (Font, 2014), with a buffer that comprises Mendoza records. Models were generated using ten algorithms available in biomod2 R package, to be known: Artificial Neural Network, ANN, Classification Tree Analysis, CTA, Flexible Discriminant Analysis, FDA, Generalized Additive Model, GAM, Generalized Boosting Model, GBM, Generalized Linear Model, GLM, Surface Range Envelope, SRE, Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines, MARS, Random Forest, RF, and MaxEnt (Thuiller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond endemism, expanding conservation efforts: a relictual Pleistocene distribution and first report of the prickly pear cactus,Opuntia bonaerensis,in Brazil and Uruguay

Köhler

Esser

Font

et al. 2020

Preprint

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21Geographical range is one of the critical features for species conservation assessment. 22 Nevertheless, species distribution is frequently unknown, undervalued or overlooked. During a 23 broad taxonomic and floristic study of the southern South American prickly pear species 24 (Opuntia spp.), new records of a previously endemic Argentinian taxon have been found in 25 Uruguay and Brazil. Molecular phylogenetic inference was carried out to further evaluate the 26 identity of the new records, and ecological niche models were implemented to test how the new 27 records would fit in the previous known distribution of the species. Through molecular and 28 morphological evidence, we confirmed the new records of Opuntia bonaerensis for Brazilian and 29 Uruguayan floras and discussed its phylogenetic relationship and morphologic similarities with 30 closely related species. Our new records uncovered a distributional pattern congruent with the 31 Neotropical Peripampasic Orogenic Arc, which must be further explored to better determine the 32 biogeographic history of the species. Ecological niche models (ENM) revealed that O. 33 bonaerensis had a putative ancient distribution across the grasslands and shrublands in the 34 Pampean region largely congruent with the populations found in Brazil and Uruguay, suggesting 35 relictual Pleistocene populations of the species and the role of glacial/interglacial cycles on the 36 distribution of the species. In a prospective climate change scenario, ENM suggests that the 37 species would in general be more restricted to the southernmost limits of the Pampa region and 38 previous outlying records from Mendoza (Argentina) are a putative future refuge for O. 39 bonaerensis. The importance of these new records for biodiversity and conservation assessment 40 efforts that are ongoing at different scales in Brazil and neighbor areas is highlighted.41 3

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“…Extensive field trips were carried out in southern South America encompassing the main natural ecoregions to obtain data about natural populations of Opuntia . The region is represented by subtropical grasslands permeated by rocky outcrops that compose the Pampa or Río de La Plata grassland (Andrade et al, 2018) and the Chaco region (Pennington et al, 2000). Major herbaria from the region have been revised to check distribution records and specimen identification of all Opuntia : BA, BAF, BCWL, CORD, CTES, HAS, ICN, LIL, LP, MCN, MVFA, MVJB, MVM, SI (herbarium abbreviations following Thiers (2020+, continuously updated), except BCWL, non-indexed herbarium of the Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory (FuEDEI), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessment and typification ofOpuntia canterae(Opuntioideae, Cactaceae), an endemic prickly-pear cactus of Uruguay

Köhler

Majure

2020

Preprint

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Background and aimsOpuntia is the most widespread genus of Cactaceae, naturally occurring throughout arid and semi-arid areas of the Americas. Many of the species have taxonomic problems owed to incomplete original descriptions, lack of type designations, a paucity of taxonomic revisions and in general, difficult species delimitation resulting from hybridization, morphological plasticity and poor specimen preparation. However, efforts are being undertaken to fill in the gaps in our distributional, morphological and phylogenetic knowledge of the group. Here, we reassess the name Opuntia canterae, providing an updated description, typification, photographs, distribution map, conservation assessment and additional notes.Material and methodsExtensive fieldwork was conducted, along with comprehensive herbarium and literature review. Morphological characters were assessed based on the commonly used characters used for prickly pears. Species delimitation is proposed based on our morphological studies, taxonomic and literature revision, as well as preliminary phylogenetic studies. The IUCN guidelines were followed to provide a conservation assessment of the species.Key resultsOpuntia canterae is reassessed as a distinct species separated from its previous synonym (O. elata) by the elliptic to long-oblanceolate stem segments, acute to conical flower bud apex and long-obconic fruits. An epitype is here designate for purposes of the precise designation of the name to the taxon. The species is considered endemic to Uruguay and is assessed as Vulnerable (VU) using IUCN criteria, but more fieldwork will be necessary to provide a more precise conservation status.

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Vascular plant species richness and distribution in the Río de la Plata grasslands

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Classification of South Brazilian grasslands: Implications for conservation

Classification of South Brazilian grasslands: Implications for conservation

Beyond endemism, expanding conservation efforts: a relictual Pleistocene distribution and first report of the prickly pear cactus,Opuntia bonaerensis,in Brazil and Uruguay

Reassessment and typification ofOpuntia canterae(Opuntioideae, Cactaceae), an endemic prickly-pear cactus of Uruguay

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