Vascular Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury

Olive, Jennifer L.; Dudley, Gary A.; McCully, Kevin K.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000069755.40046.96

Cited by 100 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…22 The results of this study do not support this relationship since electrical stimulation training resulted in an increase in muscle size with no change in either of these parameters. Previous studies have reported that electrical stimulation training increases arterial diameter.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…37 Individuals with SCI have reduced reactive hyperemic blood flow in comparison to AB controls 22 and training has been found to improve on this deficit by 78%. 33 In this study, reactive hyperemia did not appear to change throughout the training intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observation that the femoral artery does not dilate with exercise has been reported previously 21 and has been shown in our laboratory with exercise 11 and cuff occlusion. 22 Resting blood flow and diameter were measured prior to cuff occlusion. Ultrasound images were recorded every 30 s during the 5-min baseline period.…”

Section: Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

et al. 2005

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Study design: Longitudinal. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lower extremity resistance training on quadriceps fatigability, femoral artery diameter, and femoral artery blood flow. Setting: Academic Institution. Methods: Five male chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals (American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA): A complete; C5-T10; 3675 years old) completed 18 weeks of home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) resistance training. Subjects trained the quadriceps muscle group twice a week with four sets of 10 dynamic knee extensions against resistance while in a seated position. All measurements were made before training and after 8, 12, and 18 weeks of training. Ultrasound was used to measure femoral artery diameter and blood flow. Blood flow was measured before and after 5 and 10 min of distal cuff occlusion, and during a 4-min isometric electrical stimulation fatigue protocol. Results: Training resulted in significant increases in weight lifted and muscle mass, as well as a 60% reduction in muscle fatigue (P ¼ 0.001). However, femoral arterial diameter did not increase. The range was 0.4470.03 to 0.4670.05 cm over the four time points (P ¼ 0.70). Resting, reactive hyperemic, and exercise blood flow did not appear to change with training. Conclusion: NMES resistance training improved muscle size and fatigue despite an absence of response in the supplying vasculature. These results suggest that the decreases in arterial caliber and blood flow seen with SCI are not tightly linked to muscle mass and fatigue resistance. In addition, muscle fatigue in SCI patients can be improved without increases in arterial diameter or blood flow capacity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arterial Diameter and Blood Flow Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

et al. 2005

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“…Olive et al 15 reported impaired or altered BF to affected muscles in SCI patients during exercise or ES-induced contractions that may have contributed to increased muscle fatigue. [15][16][17] Crespo Ruiz et al 13 described the physiological training effects: muscles will enlarge and become stronger and circulation will improve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17] Crespo Ruiz et al 13 described the physiological training effects: muscles will enlarge and become stronger and circulation will improve. ES-induced muscle activation with tetanic contractions allows mechanically unrestricted BF and may lead to less fatigue as a result of changes in tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluteal blood flow and oxygenation during electrical stimulation-induced muscle activation versus pressure relief movements in wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury

et al. 2013

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Background: Prolonged high ischial tuberosities pressure (IT pressure), decreased regional blood flow (BF) and oxygenation (%SO2) are risk factors for developing pressure ulcers (PUs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Electrical stimulation (ES)-induced gluteal and hamstring muscle activation may improve pressure distribution by changing the shape of the buttocks while sitting and also increase BF and %SO2. Objective: To compare acute effects of ES-induced gluteal and hamstring muscle activation with pressure relief movements (PRMs) on IT pressure, BF and %SO2. Participants and methods: Twelve men with SCI performed PRMs -push-ups, bending forward and leaning sideward -and received surface ES (87±19 mA) to the gluteal and hamstring muscles while sitting in their wheelchair. Ischial tuberosities pressure was measured using a pressure mapping system; (sub)cutaneous BF and %SO2 were measured using reflection spectroscopy and laser Doppler, respectively. Results: Compared with rest (156±26 mm Hg), IT pressure was significantly lower during all other conditions (push-ups 19±44; bending forward 56±33; leaning sideward 44±38; ES 67±45 mm Hg). For the whole group, all PRMs significantly augmented BF ( þ 39 to À96%) and %SO2 ( þ 6.0 to À7.9%-point), whereas ES-induced muscle activation did only for peak BF. In all, 63% of the participants showed an increased BF (average 52%) with ES. Conclusion: PRMs acutely reduced IT pressure and improved oxygenation and BF in SCI. The currently used ES method cannot replace PRMs, but it may be used additionally. ES-induced muscle activation is not as effective for acute pressure relief, but the frequency of stimulation is much higher than the performance of PRMs and can therefore be more effective in the long term.

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Evaluation of a new ¹H/³¹P dual‐tuned birdcage coil for ³¹P spectroscopy

Potter

Wang

McCully

et al. 2013

Concepts Magn Reson

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We introduce a new dual-tuned Hydrogen/Phosphorus (1H/31P) birdcage coil, referred to as split birdcage coil, and evaluate its performance using both simulations and magnetic resonance (MR) experiments on a 3 T MR scanner. The proposed coil simplifies the practical matters of tuning and matching, which makes the coil easily reproducible. Simulations were run with the Finite Difference in Time Domain (FDTD) method to evaluate the sensitivity and homogeneity of the magnetic field generated by the proposed 1H coils. Following simulations, MR experiments were conducted using both a phantom and human thigh to compare the proposed design with a currently available commercial dual-tuned flexible surface coil, referred to as flex surface coil, for signal to noise ratio (SNR) as well as homogeneity for the 31P coil. At regions deep within the human thigh, the split birdcage coil was able to acquire spectroscopic signal with a higher average SNR than the flex surface coil. For all regions except those close to the flex surface coil, the split birdcage coil matched or exceeded the performance of the flex surface coil.

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Vascular Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

Gluteal blood flow and oxygenation during electrical stimulation-induced muscle activation versus pressure relief movements in wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury

Evaluation of a new ¹H/³¹P dual‐tuned birdcage coil for ³¹P spectroscopy

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Vascular Remodeling after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 100 publications

References 28 publications

Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

Electrically stimulated resistance training in SCI individuals increases muscle fatigue resistance but not femoral artery size or blood flow

Gluteal blood flow and oxygenation during electrical stimulation-induced muscle activation versus pressure relief movements in wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury

Evaluation of a new 1H/31P dual‐tuned birdcage coil for 31P spectroscopy

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Evaluation of a new ¹H/³¹P dual‐tuned birdcage coil for ³¹P spectroscopy