Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Alterations Triggered by Mice Adipocytes: Role of High-Fat Diet

Akoum, Souhad El; Cloutier, Isabelle; Tanguay, Jean‐François

doi:10.5551/jat.13482

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In order to evaluate the impact of diet on abdominal white adipose tissue cell contents and aspects were characterized. Mature adipocytes were hypertrophic and hyperplasic in HFD groups compared to control [9,12]. However, the number of non-adipose cells isolated per mg of adipose tissue was comparable in all mice group (Figure 1(a)).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Adipose Tissue From Mice Fed With the Thrmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Abdominal visceral white adipose tissue was extracted, washed and minced in low glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), then digested in a 1 mg/ml type I collagenase solution (GIBCO) for 45 minutes at 37˚C in a shaking water bath. Afterwards, adipocytes and nonadipose cells were separated by centrifugation and the resulting upper layer (containing the adipose cells) was collected and immediately plated in DMEM [12]. The remaining pellet, containing non-adipose cells, was digested for an additional 20 minutes in a 1 mg/ml type I collagenase solution in a 37˚C water bath under constant shaking.…”

Section: Isolation Of Ascmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

Lamontagne¹,

Akoum²,

Cloutier³

et al. 2013

OJEMD

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Background: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASC) possess the ability to differentiate into adipocytes or endothelial cells to help in the adipogenesis, vasculogenesis and vascular repair. This study aims at determining the impact of highfat diets (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the differentiation potential of ASC. Results: C57BL/6J male mice were fed a vegetal (VD) or an animal (AD) HFD. Isolation of ACS from mice showing different levels of metabolic alterations reveals that advanced T2D did not affect the number of cells per gram of tissue. Rather, a higher proportion of inflammatory CD36 + cells was identified in HFD fed mice. Despite a marked decreased expression of adipogenic genes (aP2, C/EBPα and PPARγ2), ASC from HFD groups had a higher adipogenic potential and a lower endothelial differentiation potential in vitro compared to control. ASC from the VD group had enhanced cyclin B1 expression and had more adipogenic potential compared to AD group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the metabolic modifications, linked to the nature of fatty acids in diets, modulate the differentiation potential of ASC with increased adipogenesis to the detriment of the endothelial pathway. Results highlight the importance of evaluating the ASC differentiation behavior in a context of autologous cell-based therapy for the repair of vascular tissues in diabetic patients.

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Section: Characteristics Of Adipose Tissue From Mice Fed With the Thrmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Isolation Of Ascmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

Lamontagne¹,

Akoum²,

Cloutier³

et al. 2013

OJEMD

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Excess lipid induces insulin resistance in the microvasculature of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in humans [31] by reducing insulin’s effects on both microvascular blood flow and volume. In one study, adipocytes from mice fed a high fat diet were shown to alter vascular smooth muscle proliferation and cell mortality [32], this may be particularly important when perivascular fat is considered [33]. Various trans fatty acids have been shown to increase superoxide production and induced inflammation [34], as well as impairment of endothelial insulin signaling and NO production in human endothelial cells.…”

Section: Insulin In the Healthy Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various trans fatty acids have been shown to increase superoxide production and induced inflammation [34], as well as impairment of endothelial insulin signaling and NO production in human endothelial cells. While in vitro results have not yet been translated into a physiological situation, diet may have both direct effects on vascular function [34], as well as indirect effects through adjacent tissues such as adipocytes [32]. …”

Section: Insulin In the Healthy Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The endothelium in diabetes: Its role in insulin access and diabetic complications

Kolka

Bergman

2013

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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The vascular endothelium has been identified as an important component in diabetes-associated complications, which include many cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, insulin’s actions on the endothelium are now seen as a major factor in the metabolic effects of the hormone by increasing access to insulin sensitive tissues. Endothelial function is impaired in diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, which could reduce insulin access to the tissue, and thus reduce insulin sensitivity independently of direct effects at the muscle cell. As such, the endothelium is a valid target for treatment of both the impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes, as well as the vascular based complications of diabetes. Here we review the basics of the endothelium in insulin action, with a focus on the skeletal muscle as insulin’s major metabolic organ, and how this is affected by diabetes. We will focus on the most recent developments in the field, including current treatment possibilities.

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“…There have been many studies investigating insulin signaling cascades in skeletal muscle [13][14][15] and a variety of other cell types [16,17], and both receptor defects and post-receptor signaling defects have been observed [18] yet insulin must get to the cells before it can engage the receptors, and relies on a functioning microvasculature for access. In the vasculature both endothelial [19][20][21] and vascular smooth muscle cells [22] have shown insulin signaling defects, and functional vascular impairments are also evident. In healthy individuals insulin signaling in the endothelium can increase perfusion of muscle, improving the delivery of nutrients and hormones to muscle [23].…”

Section: Exercise As Treatment For Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating Diabetes with Exercise – Focus on the Microvasculature

Kolka¹

2013

J Diabetes Metab

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The rising incidence of diabetes and the associated metabolic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease and hypertension have led to investigation of a number of drugs to treat these diseases. However, lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise remain the first line of defense. The benefits of exercise are typically presented in terms of weight loss, improved body composition and reduced fat mass, but exercise can have many other beneficial effects. Acute effects of exercise include major changes in blood flow through active muscle, an active hyperemia that increases the delivery of oxygen to the working muscle fibers. Longer term exercise training can affect the vasculature, improving endothelial health and possibly basal metabolic rates. Further, insulin sensitivity is improved both acutely after a single bout of exercise and shows chronic effects with exercise training, effectively reducing diabetes risk. Exercisemediated improvements in endothelial function may also reduce complications associated with both diabetes and other metabolic disease. Thus, while drugs to improve microvascular function in diabetes continue to be investigated, exercise can also provide many similar benefits on endothelial function and should remain the first prescription when treating insulin resistance and diabetes. This review will investigate the effects of exercise on the blood vessel and the potential benefits of exercise on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. KeywordsExercise; Diabetes; Insulin; Muscle; Vasculature; Blood vesselsThe prevalence of diabetes has been increasing steadily in the United States and in many parts of the world. In 2010, 25.8 million individuals in the United States were diagnosed with diabetes, a figure almost double that of ten years previously [1]. Diabetes frequently occurs with other diseases, including dislipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Exercise is also associated with significant improvements in other aspects of disease, such as the reduction of complications, associated metabolic diseases, and other risk factors [9]. The metabolic syndrome, typified by high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, low HDLcholesterol levels, high fasting glucose, and central obesity, is recognized to predispose individuals to the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, most of the criteria of the metabolic syndrome pertain to blood measurements, and can therefore affect blood vessels. Further, many of the complications of diabetes, including retinopathy, kidney disease and peripheral neuropathy, also have a vascular basis. In their review, Joyner and Green note that exercise is much more protective against cardiovascular disease than would be expected based on changes in traditional risk factors, including BMI, blood lipids and blood pressure [10]. They suggest a vicious cycle between autonomic dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease, which can be prevented by exercise [10]. Here, the role of the endothe...

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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Alterations Triggered by Mice Adipocytes: Role of High-Fat Diet

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

High-Fat Diets-Induced Metabolic Alterations Alter the Differentiation Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

The endothelium in diabetes: Its role in insulin access and diabetic complications

Treating Diabetes with Exercise – Focus on the Microvasculature

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