Vascularized Limb Transplantation in the Rat

Lipson, Robert A.; Kawano, Hisashi; Halloran, Philip F.; Pritzker, Kenneth P.H.; Kandel, Rita A.; Länger, F

doi:10.1097/00007890-198304000-00006

Cited by 41 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Isolated muscle, and not skin, elicited the strongest cellular immune response. Lipson et al 20,21 had previously reported that vascularized grafts showed superior survival to nonvascularized grafts in the absence of immunosuppression, whereas results from this study suggested increased rejection when isolated non-vascularized skin and non-vascularized bone grafts were compared to similar vascularized grafts. However, the reduced survival of non-vascularized grafts in the Lipson reports were due to overwhelming sepsis and not rejection.…”

Section: Titration Of Immunosuppressioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Lipson et al 20 described syngeneic and allogeneic 21 orthotopic distal-femur hind limb transplantation; unlike previously described models, this graft contained the distal femur, knee and leg, but without the foot and without the donor's skin. The focus of their studies was a model for joint reconstruction.…”

Section: Titration Of Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few groups were careful to comment at least briefly on functional outcomes. Lipson et al 20 described normal joint function and bone growth following a mid-femoral orthotopic syngeneic transplant. Benhaim et al 22 observed toe spread and ambulatory weight bearing in an allogeneic mid-femoral transplant procedure, as well as clinically normal protective sensation, while knee function was regained following a mid-femoral allotransplantation study conducted by Arai et al 25 Foster et al 30 described gross motor and sensory re-innervation in a model of chimerism following mid-femoral allograft.…”

Section: Functional Studies In Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages

et al. 2020

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As clinical experience with surgical techniques and immunosuppression in vascularized composite allotransplantation recipients has accumulated, vascularized composite allotransplantation for hand and face have become standard of care in some countries for select patients who have experienced catastrophic tissue loss. Experience to date suggests that clinical vascularized composite allotransplantation grafts undergo the same processes of allograft rejection as solid organ grafts. Nonetheless, there are some distinct differences, especially with respect to the immunologic influence of the skin and how the graft is affected by environmental and traumatic insults. Understanding the mechanisms around these similarities and differences has the potential to not only improve vascularized composite allotransplantation outcomes but also outcomes for all types of transplants and to contribute to our understanding of how complex systems of immunity and function work together. A distinct disadvantage in the study of upper extremity vascularized composite allotransplantation recipients is the low number of clinical transplants performed each year. As upper extremity transplantation is a quality of life rather than a lifesaving transplant, these numbers are not likely to increase significantly until the risks of systemic immunosuppression can be reduced. As such, experimental models of vascularized composite allotransplantation are essential to test hypotheses regarding unique characteristics of graft rejection and acceptance of vascularized composite allotransplantation allografts. Rat hind limb vascularized composite allotransplantation models have been widely used to address these questions and provide essential proof-of-concept findings which can then be extended to other experimental models, including mice and large animal models, as new concepts are translated to the clinic. Here, we review the large body of rat hind limb vascularized composite allotransplantation models in the literature, with a focus on the various surgical models that have been developed, contrasting the characteristics of the specific model and how they have been applied. We hope that this review will assist other researchers in choosing the most appropriate rat hind limb transplantation model for their scientific interests.

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Section: Titration Of Immunosuppressioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Titration Of Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Studies In Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages

et al. 2020

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“…This may be prevented by placing the leg in a splint for protection, 10 by using a plaster collar, 7 or by only bone transfer. 9 The reported tail transfer is composed of bone, tendon, nerve, and skin and, while the tail is on the back, protection splints are not necessary; no cases of autocannibalization have been noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of The Rat Tail: An Experimental Model for Free Osteocutaneous Transfer

Amara¹,

Fernandez²,

Newlin³

et al. 1998

J reconstr Microsurg

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A new experimental model for free transfer of the rat tail has been developed. The vascular and nerve anatomy of the tail was studied in ten Wistar rats. The caudal artery (average diameter: 0.8 mm) provides the principal arterial supply to the tail. The main venous drainage is from bilateral dorsolateral subcutaneous veins (average diameter: 1.2 mm). The inferior caudal trunk establishes the cutaneous nerve branches to the skin of the tail. Free transfer of the tail to the carotid artery and external jugular vein, with the attachment of the tail to the dorsum, allows for clinical monitoring of the transfer, without risk of autophagia. This transfer is easy to perform, simple to monitor, and provides consistent yet challenging microsurgery for the beginning microvascular surgeon. In addition to its utility as a training model, it may also have an application as an easy research model for composite tissue transfer.

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“…The orthotopic hind limb of the rat is thought of as the standard model [5,6]. However, it might result in great suffering to the recipient rats, and mortality rates as reported in the literatures are in the range of 20% [7–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative model of composite tissue allotransplantation: groin–thigh flap

Chang¹,

Huang²,

Lin³

et al. 2008

Transplant Int

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Summary This study focuses on development of a simpler and nonfunctional model that includes all the same tissue components as the traditional hind limb allotransplantation in rats. Adult male inbred Wistar rats (WF, RT1u) weighing 250–300 g were used as syngeneic (n = 12) donors and recipients of a new experimental model for composite tissue allotransplantation. In the allogenic group (n = 4), adult male Brown Norway rats (BN, RT1n) weighing 200–250 g were used as donors. A groin–thigh osteo‐myocutaneous flap, composed of skin (groin), muscle (thigh), and bone (2/3 femur), based on the femoral vessels and superficial epigastric vessels, was developed for composite tissue allotransplantation. All the flaps were successful except for two dying soon postoperatively. Histology confirmed vessel patency in the syngeneic group and acute rejection in the allogenic group. The total operative time was shortened compared with the standard and other modified models of rat hind limb allotransplantation. Advantages of this new model include its simplicity, relative purity, and the more humanistic fact that it does not cause claudication to the animals as does standard orthotopic hind limb transplantation, or extra‐deformity to the recipients as does the heterotopic hind limb model.

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Vascularized Limb Transplantation in the Rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages

Evolution of the rat hind limb transplant as an experimental model of vascularized composite allotransplantation: Approaches and advantages

Transfer of The Rat Tail: An Experimental Model for Free Osteocutaneous Transfer

An alternative model of composite tissue allotransplantation: groin–thigh flap

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