Vascularizing the tissue surrounding a model biosensor: how localized is the effect of a subcutaneous infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

Biomaterials/Tissue Interactions: Possible Solutions to Overcome Foreign Body Response

“…One approach to improve the analyte transport around the implant is the promotion of angiogenesis. This can be achieved by inducing new blood vessel formation in the vicinity of the sensor using growth factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (67,71,(82)(83)(84). It is noteworthy that well-vascularized tissue at the implant site is also critical for healing the trauma caused during implantation (28,31).…”

Hydrogel Membrane Improves Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility of an Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor

“…However, as soon as such sensors are implanted in the body, they start losing their sensitivity due to biofouling and immune responses triggered by implantation injury, and these ultimately lead to the sensors failure [3,4]. Several attempts were made to minimise these effects and the most recent of which include the use of hydrogel [5], collagen [6] or polylactic acid [7] as a protective coating, the suppression of immune responses using corticosteroids [8] or the promotion of neovascularisation using growth factors [9]. Most such approaches increase the in vivo sensing life of the sensors, but often, only one of many ostensibly identical sensors functions longer than a few weeks [7].…”

Improving the Biocompatibility of Implantable Bioelectronics Devices

“…This results in the loss of device sensitivity and/or instability of measurement [13][14][15][116][117][118][119][120]; therefore, it is critically important to control the fibrotic encapsulation at the implant site in order to enhance the biofunctionality and longevity of the biosensor in vivo. Growth factors can be used to promote angiogenesis by inducing new blood vessel formation [121][122][123] in the surrounding tissue.…”