Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Selectively Depolarizes Thalamic Relay  Neurons and Attenuates Intrathalamic Rhythmic Activity

Cox, Charles L.

doi:10.1152/jn.00280.2003

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…In addition, it was reported that VIP and PACAP modulate the depolarizations of the thalamocortical projection neurons by affecting the activities of the hyperpolarization activated cationic currents (Sun et al, 2003) and that VIP attenuates the slow (2-4-Hz) intrathalamic rhythmic activities by shifting the membrane potential of the relay neurons to decrease the probability of burst discharge (Lee and Cox, 2003). However, there is little information about the functional significance of these effects or which receptor mediates these effects.…”

Section: Functional Implications Of the Localization Of Vip/pacap Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain

Joo

Chung

Kim

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

175

106

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To examine the distributions of VIP/PACAP receptors (VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 receptors) in the brain and to identify the cell types that express these receptors, we performed immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence in the rat brain with specific antibodies. The immunohistochemistry revealed that the receptors had distinctive, complementary, and overlapping distribution patterns. High levels of the VPAC1 receptor were expressed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, deep cerebellar nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. The VPAC2 receptors were concentrated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdalar regions, cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, hypothalamus, and brainstem. On the other hand, the PAC1 receptors had a more restricted distribution pattern in the brain, and high levels of the PAC1 receptors were confined to the cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, epithalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, and white matter of many brain regions. Also, many fibers expressing the PAC1 receptors were observed in various areas, i.e., the thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. The double immunofluorescence showed that the VIP/PACAP receptors were confined to the neuroglia as well as the neurons. All three types of the VIP/PACAP receptors were expressed in the astrocytes, and the PAC1 receptors were also expressed in the oligodendrocytes. These findings indicate that VIP and PACAP exert their functions through their receptors in specific locations in different combinations. We hope that this first demonstration of the distributions of the VIP/PACAP receptors provides data useful in the investigation of the mechanisms of the many functions of VIP and PACAP in the brain, which require further elucidation.

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Section: Functional Implications Of the Localization Of Vip/pacap Recmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain

Joo

Chung

Kim

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

175

106

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“…In addition to classic neurotransmitters, peptides also play an important role in controlling the firing mode of thalamic neurons. These peptides include cholecystokinin (Cox et al, 1995(Cox et al, , 1997Lee and McCormick, 1997), neuropeptide Y (Sun et al, 2001a,b), somatostatin (Leresche et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2002), nociceptin (Meis et al, 2002), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activated peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Lee and Cox, 2003;Sun et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitatory Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Thalamus

Broberger¹,

McCormick²

2005

J. Neurosci.

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The activity of the thalamus is state dependent. During slow-wave sleep, rhythmic burst firing is prominent, whereas during waking or rapid eye movement sleep, tonic, single-spike activity dominates. These state-dependent changes result from the actions of modulatory neurotransmitters. In the present study, we investigated the functional and cellular effects of the neuropeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the spontaneously active ferret geniculate slice. This peptide and its receptors are prominently expressed in the thalamic network, yet the role of thalamic TRH remains obscure. Bath application of TRH resulted in a transient cessation of both spindle waves and the epileptiform slow oscillation induced by application of bicuculline. With intracellular recordings, TRH application to the GABAergic neurons of the perigeniculate (PGN) or thalamocortical cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus resulted in depolarization and increased membrane resistance. In perigeniculate neurons, this effect reversed near the reversal potential for K ϩ , suggesting that it is mediated by a decrease in K ϩ conductance. In thalamocortical cells, the TRH-induced depolarization was of sufficient amplitude to block the generation of rebound Ca 2ϩ spikes, whereas the even larger direct depolarization of PGN neurons transformed these cells from the burst to tonic, single-spike mode of action potential generation. Furthermore, application of TRH prominently enhanced the afterdepolarization that follows rebound Ca 2ϩ spikes, suggesting that this transmitter may also enhance Ca 2ϩ -activated nonspecific currents. These data suggest a novel role for TRH in the brain as an intrinsic regulator of thalamocortical network activity and provide a potential mechanism for the wake-promoting and anti-epileptic effects of this peptide.

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“…These neuropeptides have pronounced effects on the central nervous system as well as on neurons and effector targets of the autonomic nervous system. For example, in the central nervous system, PACAP is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and associative learning in mice (5), whereas VIP has been shown to regulate intrathalamic rhythm activity and may modulate information transfer through the thalamocortical circuit (6). In the peripheral nervous system, PACAP and VIP appear to play a major role in autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

VPAC Receptor Modulation of Neuroexcitability in Intracardiac Neurons

DeHaven

Cuevas

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) have been found within mammalian intracardiac ganglia, but the cellular effects of these neuropeptides remain poorly understood. Fluorometric calcium imaging and whole cell patch clamp recordings were used to examine the effects of PACAP and VIP on [ Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) 1 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are pleiotropic neuropeptides that belong to the glucagon/secretin/growth hormone-releasing factor family of peptides (1-4). These neuropeptides have pronounced effects on the central nervous system as well as on neurons and effector targets of the autonomic nervous system. For example, in the central nervous system, PACAP is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and associative learning in mice (5), whereas VIP has been shown to regulate intrathalamic rhythm activity and may modulate information transfer through the thalamocortical circuit (6). In the peripheral nervous system, PACAP and VIP appear to play a major role in autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system. VIP has been shown to cause positive chronotropic and inotropic effects (7-9). In contrast, PACAP has been shown to cause a transient increase in sinus rate and atrial contractility that is followed by negative chronotropic and inotropic responses in isolated canine atria (10). Also, both PACAP and VIP are potent dilators of coronary arteries (11,12). Whereas these neuropeptides can directly influence cardiac tissues, the effects of PACAP and VIP on the heart are in part due to neuroregulatory effects on parasympathetic intracardiac ganglia (9,10,13,14).Mammalian intracardiac ganglia play a major role in neuronal control of the heart and are believed to be capable of independently monitoring and influencing cardiac function. A variety of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, including PACAP and VIP, appear to be involved in the relaying of information within intracardiac ganglia and onto effector targets such as cardiac valves, coronary arteries, and cardiomyocytes. PACAP and VIP have been detected by immunocytochemistry in nerve fibers in the heart, coronary vasculature, and cardiac parasympathetic ganglia (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Although extrinsic fibers may be one source of these neuropeptides in the heart (21), PACAP and VIP are also found in cell bodies and nerve fibers of intrinsic cardiac neurons (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Despite the fact that data clearly demonstrate that these endogenous neuropeptides are potent regulators of the cardiovascular system, the cellular mechanisms mediating their effects remain poorly understood. There are also conflicting reports in the literature concerning the mechanisms by which PACAP and VIP regulate the function of intrinsic cardiac neurons. For example, it has been suggested that PACAP and VIP modulate neurotransmission

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Selectively Depolarizes Thalamic Relay Neurons and Attenuates Intrathalamic Rhythmic Activity

Abstract: Lee, Sang-Hun and Charles L. Cox. Vasoactive intestinal peptide selectively depolarizes thalamic relay neurons and attenuates intrathalamic rhythmic activity.

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain

Excitatory Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Thalamus

VPAC Receptor Modulation of Neuroexcitability in Intracardiac Neurons

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Selectively Depolarizes Thalamic Relay Neurons and Attenuates Intrathalamic Rhythmic Activity

Abstract: Lee, Sang-Hun and Charles L. Cox. Vasoactive intestinal peptide selectively depolarizes thalamic relay neurons and attenuates intrathalamic rhythmic activity.

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 receptor) in the rat brain

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 receptor) in the rat brain

Excitatory Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Thalamus

VPAC Receptor Modulation of Neuroexcitability in Intracardiac Neurons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain

Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptors (VPAC₁, VPAC₂, and PAC₁ receptor) in the rat brain