Vector-borne diseases in waste pickers in Brasilia, Brazil

Cruvinel, Vanessa Resende Nogueira; Zolnikov, Tara Rava; Obara, Marcos Takashi; Oliveira, Valmir Teotonio Lopes de; Vianna, Elisa Neves; Santos, Fabiana Sherine Ganem do; Oliveira, Kênia Cristina de; Scott, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.001

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…About 42.2 % of the waste scavengers reported that they got sick after they began waste scavenging (Table 2). This corresponds with the findings of a study by Cruvinel et al (2020) in Brasilia, Brazil where 85.8% of waste pickers who worked directly at dumpsites got sick. More than half of the waste scavengers (57.8%) in Keetmanshoop indicated that they did not have any pre-existing co-morbidity before they began with waste scavenging.…”

Section: Socio-economic and Health Impacts Of Waste Scavenging On Waste Scavengers' Livelihoodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is therefore likely that the diseases that are experienced by waste scavengers could be attributed to the horrible and dangerous conditions waste scavenging expose them to. Furthermore, economic hardship forces waste scavengers to consume expired food, resulting in stomach infections and parasites, drink untreated water, and lack of proper sanitation and healthcare are also contributing factors (Cruvinel et al, 2020). Food poisoning may cause diarrhoea, parasite infection, and nausea (Afon, 2012;Giusti, 2009) as well as respiratory disorders and allergies (Ravindra, Kaur, & Mor, 2016).…”

Section: Socio-economic and Health Impacts Of Waste Scavenging On Waste Scavengers' Livelihoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Scavenging a Problem or an Opportunity for Integrated Waste Management in Namibia: A Case of Keetmanshoop Municipality, Namibia

Nambuli¹,

Togarepi²,

Shikongo³

2021

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Waste scavenging is an emerging challenge faced by many Municipalities and Local Authorities in Namibia. However, it has been neglected by authorities due to insufficient knowledge about its contribution to resource recovery and recycling. This study investigated how waste scavenging as a problem can be transformed into an opportunity for Integrated Waste Management in Namibia. The main objective of the study was to determine the socio-economic drivers as well as health implications of waste scavenging at Keetmanshoop municipal dumping site, Namibia. Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 45 waste pickers were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. The data collected included waste pickers demographic (age, gender, marital status, and level of education), socio-economic impacts (income and diseases) from waste scavenging. The study revealed that the main drivers of waste scavenging are poverty (71.1%) and unemployment (64.4%). Furthermore, waste scavenging contributes significantly to waste pickers’ livelihood through income generation from the sale of waste materials (93.3%). The majority of the waste pickers (80%), scavenge mainly for metals whereas the least target food. The study concluded that waste scavenging, although neglected, contributes significantly to the livelihoods of waste pickers and waste management in Keetmanshoop. The study recommends that waste scavenging should be regulated and integrated into the formal waste management system of the Municipality through avenues such as the formation of the waste picker’s cooperatives that will be registered with the municipality and recognised through formal structures.

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Section: Socio-economic and Health Impacts Of Waste Scavenging On Waste Scavengers' Livelihoodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Socio-economic and Health Impacts Of Waste Scavenging On Waste Scavengers' Livelihoodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Scavenging a Problem or an Opportunity for Integrated Waste Management in Namibia: A Case of Keetmanshoop Municipality, Namibia

Nambuli¹,

Togarepi²,

Shikongo³

2021

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“…Although the reasons for this association are not completely clear, anthropogenic changes in forest areas probably put humans in closer contact with Ebola reservoirs due to ecological and social factors linked to modifications in reservoir behavior and disturbances to wildlife, including hunting, bushmeat consumption, and landscape changes (Rulli et al, 2017). Moreover, land-use changes and environmental conditions that facilitate the proliferation of animal vectors and urban rodents can facilitate the introduction of pathogens in the human population and the spread of diseases (Himsworth et al, 2013;Cruvinel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention

2021

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The transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is called "zoonotic spillover" . Most human infectious diseases (60-75%) are derived from pathogens that originally circulated in non-human animal species. This demonstrates that spillover has a fundamental role in the emergence of new human infectious diseases. Understanding the factors that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is essential to establish strategies focused on the reduction of the frequency of spillover events. In this context, this article describes the basic aspects of zoonotic spillover and the main factors involved in spillover events, considering the role of the inter-species interactions, phylogenetic distance between host species, environmental drivers, and specific characteristics of the pathogens, animals, and humans. As an example, the factors involved in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are discussed, indicating what can be learned from this public health emergency, and what can be applied to the Brazilian scenario. Finally, this article discusses actions to prevent or reduce the frequency of zoonotic spillover events.

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“…The potential occupational risks are divided in: mechanical - cuts, traumas, fractures, lacerations, traffic accidents; ergonometric - musculoskeletal illness from moving heavy weights; chemical - dermatitis and respiratory diseases due to chemical substances exposure; biological - infections from contact with pathogens; and social - malnourishment or under-nourishment, and lack of training ( Gutberlet and Baeder, 2008 ). Regarding biological risks, these workers are typically exposed to waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, intestinal worms, hepatitis A, and leptospirosis ( Cruvinel et al, 2019 ), and vector-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika or chikungunya fevers ( Cruvinel et al, 2020 ). Improper workers training, negligence during work routine, informality of this profession, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate working conditions figure among the factors influencing the rates of accidents involving waste workers ( Mol et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%