Vector Density Gradients and the Epidemiology of Urban Malaria in Dakar, Senegal

Trape, Jean‐François; Lefebvre-Zante, Evelyne; Legros, F.; Ndiaye, Gora; Bouganali, Hilaire; Druilhe, Pierre; Salem, Gérard

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.181

Cited by 207 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…En Quibdó, como en áreas urbanas de África, diversos factores podrían contribuir a la presencia de focos de malaria en zonas periurbanas, tales como la urbanización poco planeada, la deficiencia en la infraestructura de vivienda (10), la carencia de servicios públicos, el bajo nivel socioeconómico de la población que habita en los límites de la ciudad (11) y la cercanía de las casas a campos irrigados y en general a cuerpos de agua y territorios ricos en vegetación en donde posiblemente la disponibilidad de criaderos es mayor (12,13) . En contraste, las zonas altamente urbanizadas del centro de la ciudad con casas de concreto y sin vegetación presentan las incidencias más bajas y son negativas para criaderos (Freddy Córdoba, Programa de Control de Malaria Quibdó; comunicación personal) (11).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…De todos estos factores, la distancia de las viviendas a los criaderos se constituye en uno de los principales determinantes del riesgo de malaria en las áreas urbanas (12,(14)(15)(16), como lo ilustra un estudio en un área periurbana de Maputo, Mozambique, donde el riesgo de infección fue 6,2 veces más alto para las personas que vivían a menos de 200 metros de los criaderos comparado con los individuos que vivían a 500 metros o más (14). En nuestro caso no se tuvo información de la localización exacta de los criaderos para hacer este tipo de análisis.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Epidemiología de malaria urbana en Quibdó, Chocó.

Ochoa

Osório

2006

biomedica

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Introducción. La malaria urbana es un problema de salud pública en Colombia y poco se conoce acerca de sus características epidemiológicas, las cuales es necesario conocer para la implementación de medidas de control. Objetivo. Determinar las características epidemiológicas de la malaria en el área urbana del municipio de Quibdó, Chocó. Materiales y métodos. Los casos de malaria diagnosticados en la ciudad de Quibdó entre marzo y julio del 2001 fueron clasificados como autóctonos e importados a partir de historias de viaje a áreas endémicas o lugar de residencia. Los casos autóctonos fueron ubicados en el mapa con el fin de identificar las zonas de riesgo a partir del cálculo de morbilidad estandarizada por edad y sexo. Resultados. Durante el periodo de estudio se incluyeron 839 casos de malaria: 77% por Plasmodium falciparum; 19% por Plasmodium vivax y 4% fueron infecciones por ambas especies. El 24,4% de los casos por P. falciparum y 39,1% de los casos de P. vivax se clasificó como autóctono. La zona de mayor riesgo de malaria se ubicó en los barrios del suroriente de la ciudad. Conclusiones. La transmisión de malaria es focalizada y las áreas de mayor riesgo de infección están ubicadas cerca de zonas con vegetación. La información obtenida en este estudio permite concentrar esfuerzos en las zonas de mayor riesgo y optimizar la utilización de recursos.Palabras clave: malaria/epidemiología, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, asentamientos urbanos, Colombia. Epidemiology of urban malaria in Quibdo, Choco.Introduction. Although urban malaria is a public health problem in Colombia, little is known about its epidemiological characteristics, needed for the implementation of rational control strategies. Objective. To determine the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in the urban area of the municipality of Quibdó, in northwest Colombia. Materials and methods. Malaria cases diagnosed in the city of Quibdó between March and July, 2001 were classified as autochthonous or imported based on travel histories to endemic areas and place of residency. Autochthonous cases were mapped and risk areas identified using sex and age standardized morbidity ratios. Results. During the study period 839 malaria cases were included: 77% due to Plasmodium falciparum; 19% due to P. vivax and 4% infections due to both species. 24.4% of P. falciparum cases and 39.1% of P. vivax cases were classified as autochthonous. Those neighborhoods located in the southeast of the town showed the highest risk for malaria. Conclusion. As in other urban areas, malaria transmission in the city of Quibdo is focal and the areas with the highest risk are located near vegetation zones. These results are useful to prioritize areas for intervention and the allocation of resources.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Epidemiología de malaria urbana en Quibdó, Chocó.

Ochoa

Osório

2006

biomedica

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“…Further avenues for the extension of host availability models are also suggested by equation [4], which outlines a simple model describing the known restriction of host dispersal (Gillies, 1961;Trape et al, 1992;Manga et al, 1993;Thompson et al, 1997), feeding cycle length Charlwood & Graves, 1987) and mortality rate (Charlwood, 1986) by host availability. This relationship is consistent with the observed dependence of adult dispersal upon the relative proximity of hosts and larval habitats (Edman et al, 1998) and the choice of oviposition sites in proximity to preferred hosts (Charlwood & Edoh, 1996;Minakawa et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations

Killeen

McKenzie

Foy

et al. 2001

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

106

148

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A simple model for the influence of host availability on vector bloodmeal choice is applied to estimate the relative availabilities of humans, cattle and other host populations to malaria vectors in African communities, using published human blood indices and ratios of cattle to humans. Cattle were bitten <0.01, 0.021 ± 0.11, 1.61 ± 0.16 and 1.61 ± 0.46 times as often as humans by Anopheles funestus, An. gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis in Segera, Tanzania, and An. gambiae sensu lato in The Gambia, respectively. No significant feeding upon host species other than cattle or humans was detected. Even though An. gambiae s.l. in The Gambia were mostly An. gambiae s.s., they were 77 times more likely to choose cattle over humans than An. gambiae s.s. in Tanzania. The model accurately predicted cattle blood indices for the An. arabiensis population in Tanzania (predicted = 0.99 ± 0.21 × observed + 0.00 ± 0.10; r 2 = 0.66). The potential effect of increased cattle abundance upon malaria transmission intensity was simulated using fitted relative availability parameters and assuming vector emergence rate, feeding cycle length and survivorship were unaffected. The model predicted that increased cattle populations would not affect malaria transmission in Tanzania but could drastically reduce transmission in The Gambia or where An. arabiensis is the dominant vector. We define the availability of a host as the rate at which a typical individual host-seeking vector encounters and feeds upon that host in a single feeding cycle. Mathematical models based on this definition also represent promising tools for quantifying the dependence of vector longevity, feeding cycle length and dispersal upon host availability.

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“…[1][2][3] Their occurrence has been attributed to several factors, including climatic anomaly, 2,4 land-use changes, 5 drug resistance, 3,6 population migration, 7 and breakdown of both the local health system and vector control activities. 8 Different authors have shown that Anopheles density, malaria transmission, and corresponding human infections were higher and clustered around the breeding sites, 9,10 particularly in the lowly endemic 11 and epidemic-prone areas. 12 Highlands' hilly slopes 13 and cold nights 14 limit upward dispersal of adult mosquitoes from the valleys, accentuating their clustering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Targeted Vector Control Is Able to Reduce Malaria Prevalence in the Highlands of Burundi

Protopopoff¹,

Bortel²,

Marcotty³

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In a highland province of Burundi, indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal net distribution were targeted in the valley, aiming also to protect the population living on the hilltops. The impact on malaria indicators was assessed, and the potential additional effect of nets evaluated. After the intervention-and compared with the control valleys-children 1-9 years old in the treated valleys had lower risks of malaria infection (odds ratio,

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Vector Density Gradients and the Epidemiology of Urban Malaria in Dakar, Senegal

Cited by 207 publications

References 2 publications

Epidemiología de malaria urbana en Quibdó, Chocó.

Epidemiología de malaria urbana en Quibdó, Chocó.

The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations

Spatial Targeted Vector Control Is Able to Reduce Malaria Prevalence in the Highlands of Burundi

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