Vector solution for the mean electromagnetic fields in a layer of random particles

Abstract

The mean electromagnetic fields are found in a layer of randomly oriented particles lying over a half space. A matrix‐dyadic formulation of Maxwell's equations is employed in conjunction with the Foldy‐Lax approximation to obtain equations for the mean fields. A two variable perturbation procedure, valid in the limit of small fractional volume, is then used to derive uncoupled equations for the slowly varying amplitudes of the mean wave. These equations are solved to obtain explicit expressions for the mean electromagnetic fields in the slab region in the general case of arbitrarily oriented particles and arbitrary polarization of the incident radiation. The results include special cases previously treated in the literature on propagation through the atmosphere. Numerical examples are given for the application to remote sensing of vegetation.

Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication

“…However, the difference between horizontal and vertical attenuation values is higher in spherical model. This can be explained in terms of the oblate sphere's orientation being in the horizontal plane, as in the cylinder case shown in [4]. It was shown in [4] that when the diameter of a disk is between 20 µ m and 20 mm, horizontal attenuation is higher than vertical attenuation; however, outside of this zone, vertical attenuation is higher than horizontal attenuation.…”

“…By using this approximation along with an assumed sparse distribution of scatterers, which indicates the fractional volume δ = ρ V p to be very small, the component of electric fields E αβ can be easily obtained [4].…”

“…For the computer program, input parameters are from [4,10]. The rain shape is spherical and the distribution is uniform.…”

“…Previously, raindrops were modeled as a sphere by using uniform distribution for simplicity, and inputs were given as in [4][5][6].…”

“…Therefore, a modification of the ITU or a new model is needed to gain a deeper understanding and to improve the mobile communication in a specific area. The main objective of this work is to simulate the attenuation in mobile communication at frequencies used in Turkey such as 900, 1800, and 2270 MHz due to atmospheric events like snow and rain by using the discrete propagation model [4].…”