The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.

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303two analytic methods for placing an arbitrary number of nulls in arbitrary directions, while maintaining main beam and sidelobe level control. A method of incorporating these analytic null steering techniques into existing adaptive algorithms, offering the possibility of increases in array performance at small cost, is currently being researched. REFERENCES C. A. Baird and G. G. Rassweiler, "Adaptive sidelobe nulling using digitally controlled phase-shifters," IEEE Trans.

The mean electromagnetic fields are found in a layer of randomly oriented particles lying over a half space. A matrix‐dyadic formulation of Maxwell's equations is employed in conjunction with the Foldy‐Lax approximation to obtain equations for the mean fields. A two variable perturbation procedure, valid in the limit of small fractional volume, is then used to derive uncoupled equations for the slowly varying amplitudes of the mean wave. These equations are solved to obtain explicit expressions for the mean electromagnetic fields in the slab region in the general case of arbitrarily oriented particles and arbitrary polarization of the incident radiation. The results include special cases previously treated in the literature on propagation through the atmosphere. Numerical examples are given for the application to remote sensing of vegetation.

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