Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Fracture-Related Hospitalisations: A Prospective Study of Older Women

Blekkenhorst, Lauren C.; Hodgson, Jonathan M.; Lewis, Joshua R.; Devine, Amanda; Woodman, Richard; Lim, Wai H.; Wong, Germaine; Zhu, Kun; Bondonno, Catherine P.; Ward, Natalie C.; Prince, Richard

doi:10.3390/nu9050511

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This approach assumes that the risk of a fall would have remained the same during the remainder of the follow-up period in those that died and in those that did not. This model was chosen as we have previously demonstrated that fruit and/or vegetable intakes are associated with mortality risk and fractures in this cohort using the same cause-specific approach (31,32) . Falls-related hospitalisation absolute risk difference (ARD) and number need to treat to prevent one fall was calculated between women with high (≥3 serves/d) v. low (<2 serves/d) vegetable intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable and fruit intake and injurious falls risk in older women: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2018

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The role of vegetable and fruit intake in reducing falls risk in elderly populations is uncertain. This study examined the associations of vegetable and fruit intake with falls-related hospitalisations in a prospective cohort study of elderly women (n 1429, ≥70 years), including effects on muscular function, which represented a potential causal pathway. Muscular function, measured using grip strength and timed-up-and-go (TUG), and vegetable and fruit intake, quantified using a validated FFQ, were assessed at baseline (1998). Incident falls-related hospitalisation over 14·5-year follow-up was captured by the Hospital Morbidity Data Collection, linked via the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Falls-related hospitalisation occurred in 568 (39·7 %) of women. In multivariable-adjusted models, falls-related hospitalisations were lower in participants consuming more vegetables (hazard ratio (HR) per 75 g serve: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·82, 0·99)), but not fruit intake (per 150 g serve: 1·03 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·14)). Only total cruciferous vegetable intake was inversely associated with falls-related hospitalisation (HR: per 20 g serve: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·97)). Higher total vegetable intake was associated with lower odds for poor grip strength (OR: 0·87 (95 % CI 0·77, 0·97)) and slow TUG (OR: 0·88 (95 % CI 0·78, 0·99)). Including grip strength and TUG in the multivariable-adjusted model attenuated the association between total vegetable intake and falls-related hospitalisations. In conclusion, elderly women with higher total and cruciferous vegetable intake had lower injurious falls risk, which may be explained in a large part by better physical function. Falls reduction may be considered an additional benefit of higher vegetable intake in older women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable and fruit intake and injurious falls risk in older women: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2018

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“…Vegetables were grouped on the basis of the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines 33 and were modified relating to phytochemical constituents, as previously described. 18,34 Vegetable types included cruciferous (cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and broccoli), allium (onion, leek, and garlic), yellow/ orange/red (tomato, capsicum, beetroot, carrot, and pumpkin), leafy green (lettuce and other salad greens, celery, silver beet, and spinach), and legumes (peas, green beans, bean sprouts, alfalfa sprouts, baked beans, soy beans, soy bean curd and tofu, and other beans).…”

Section: Vegetable Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cruciferous and Total Vegetable Intakes Are Inversely Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older Adult Women

Blekkenhorst

Bondonno

Lewis

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundDietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables are considered to reduce atherosclerotic disease presentation and are reported to be inversely associated with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis, such as carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) and plaque. However, the effect of vegetable intake alone, and relationships to specific types of vegetables containing different phytochemical profiles, is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of total vegetable intake and specific vegetables grouped according to phytochemical constituents with common carotid artery IMT (CCA‐IMT) and carotid plaque severity in a cohort of older adult women (aged ≥70 years).Methods and ResultsTotal vegetable intake was calculated at baseline (1998) using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Vegetable types included cruciferous, allium, yellow/orange/red, leafy green, and legumes. In 2001, CCA‐IMT (n=954) and carotid focal plaque (n=968) were assessed using high‐resolution B‐mode carotid ultrasonography. Mean (SD) total vegetable intake was 199.9 (78.0) g/d. Women consuming ≥3 servings of vegetables each day had ≈4.6% to 5.0% lower mean CCA‐IMT (P=0.014) and maximum CCA‐IMT (P=0.004) compared with participants consuming <2 servings of vegetables. For each 10 g/d higher in cruciferous vegetable intake, there was an associated 0.006 mm (0.8%) lower mean CCA‐IMT (P<0.01) and 0.007 mm (0.8%) lower maximum CCA‐IMT (P<0.01). Other vegetable types were not associated with CCA‐IMT (P>0.05). No associations were observed between vegetables and plaque severity (P>0.05).ConclusionsIncreasing vegetables in the diet with a focus on consuming cruciferous vegetables may have benefits for the prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis in older adult women.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN12615000750583.

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“…For example, diets rich in vegetables and/or fruit have been inversely associated with sarcopenia [ 11 ]. Previously, we have also demonstrated that higher total vegetable intake is associated with lower fracture risk [ 12 ]. To date, however, the importance of vegetable diversity remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Diversity, Injurious Falls, and Fracture Risk in Older Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

et al. 2018

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The importance of vegetable diversity for the risk of falling and fractures is unclear. Our objective was to examine the relationship between vegetable diversity with injurious falling and fractures leading to hospitalization in a prospective cohort of older Australian women (n = 1429, ≥70 years). Vegetable diversity was quantified by assessing the number of different vegetables consumed daily. Vegetable intake (75 g servings/day) was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Over 14.5 years, injurious falls (events = 568, 39.7%), and fractures (events = 404, 28.3%) were captured using linked health records. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, women with greater vegetable diversity (per increase in one different vegetable/day) had lower relative hazards for falls (8%; p = 0.02) and fractures (9%; p = 0.03). A significant interaction between daily vegetable diversity (number/day) and total vegetable intake (75 g servings/day) was observed for falls (pinteraction = 0.03) and fractures (pinteraction < 0.001). The largest benefit of higher vegetable diversity were observed in the one third of women with the lowest vegetable intake (<2.2 servings/day; falls HR 0.83 95% CI (0.71–0.98); fractures HR 0.74 95% CI (0.62–0.89)). Increasing vegetable diversity especially in older women with low vegetable intake may be an effective way to reduce injurious fall and fracture risk.

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Vegetable and Fruit Intake and Fracture-Related Hospitalisations: A Prospective Study of Older Women

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Vegetable and fruit intake and injurious falls risk in older women: a prospective cohort study

Vegetable and fruit intake and injurious falls risk in older women: a prospective cohort study

Cruciferous and Total Vegetable Intakes Are Inversely Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older Adult Women

Vegetable Diversity, Injurious Falls, and Fracture Risk in Older Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

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