Vegetation and outdoor recess time at elementary schools: What are the connections?

Repositioning Children's Developmental Needs in Space Planning: A Review of Connection to Nature

“…This review highlights benefits of nature on children in every stage except toddlerhood, which involves direct and indirect engagement in different settings such as home and neighbourhood (Corraliza, Collado, & Bethelmy, 2012;Prezza et al, 2001;Taylor, Kuo, & Sullivan, 2002;Wells & Evans, 2003;Wells, 2000), preschool and school (Arbogast, Kane, Kirwan, & Hertel, 2009;Corraliza et al, 2012;Ernst & Monroe, 2006;Matsuoka, 2010;Roe & Aspinall, 2011) and also direct engagement through nature camp and recreation activities in wild nature (Bixler, Floyd, & Hammitt, 2002;Collado, Staats, & Corraliza, 2013;Larson, Green, & Castleberry, 2009;Said, 2012;Thompson et al, 2007;Wells & Lekies, 2006).…”

“…Greater amount of vegetation increases the outdoor recess time, provide a welcoming environment and encourage children to play outside (Arbogast et al, 2009). In neighbourhood context, nearby nature such as green park encourages children's independent mobility and freedom of movement to play outdoor.…”

Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google Street View and a modified green view index

“…People's accessibility to views of greenery seems to influence their recovery from surgery and increases restorative potential (Ulrich, 1984;Pazhouhanfar and Kamal, 2014). Street greenery also provides a welcoming environment for students and teachers, and encourages outside play (Arbogast et al, 2009). Understanding people's visualization of street greenery can help greening programs increase political support (Seymour et al, 2010;Wolch et al, 2014), which may dictate the success or failure of a greening program (Kuchelmeister and Braatz, 1993;McPherson et al, 1992).…”

Park design and children's active play: a microscale spatial analysis of intensity of play in Olmsted's Delaware Park

“…Several park design features were included as explanatory variables. Drawing on reports of the importance of trees as sites for climbing and imaginative play such as hide-and-go-seek (Arbogast et al, 2009;McCurdy et al, 2010;Timperio et al, 2008), tree cover in a cell was included as an explanatory variable. Tree cover was measured as the count of trees in each grid cell.…”