Vegetation history, fire history and lake development recorded for 6300 years by pollen, charcoal, loss on ignition and chironomids at a small lake in southern Kyrgyzstan (Alay Range, Central Asia)

Beer, Ruth; Heiri, Oliver; Tinner, Willy

doi:10.1177/0959683607082413

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Populations in the south harbor higher genetic diversity and are strongly differentiated from northern populations. Together with pollen data obtained in the study region (Beer et al, 2007(Beer et al, , 2008a(Beer et al, , 2008b, this pattern indicates a relatively recent spread of the species from the south to the north during a more humid period. At present, intense exploitation and deforestation in the region have led to the degradation of natural juniper forests.…”

Section: Conservation Implicationssupporting

confidence: 77%

North‐south population subdivision of Juniperus seravschanica in Kyrgyzstan revealed through novel plastid DNA markers

Sultangaziev

Konrad

Schueler

et al. 2012

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Junipers are main components of semiarid forests in Central Asia. Conservation of these plant genetic resources should be based on an understanding of factors that have shaped species‐level genetic variation. We used Juniperus seravschanica Kom. as a model species to investigate patterns and processes that may be associated with these factors. Novel plastid DNA markers (two minisatellites, one transversion, one indel) were identified and applied to investigate haplotype diversity and population structure in Kyrgyzstan. In total, 540 individuals from 15 populations were analyzed and 11 haplotypes detected. Strong divergence between populations from northern and southern Kyrgyzstan was evident from the haplotype distribution. Gene diversity within populations ranged from 0.083 to 0.765, and was on average higher in southern (0.687) than in northern populations (0.540). A similar pattern was detected in allelic richness. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 11.9% of the total genetic variation was due to differences among regions, 1.5% among populations, and 86.6% within populations. NST was not significantly different from GST (0.125), suggesting no evidence of a phylogeographic pattern. A Mantel test detected a weak but significant isolation‐by‐distance pattern for the whole dataset and southern populations separately. These results suggest that the north of Kyrgyzstan was relatively recently colonized by migrants from southern populations, probably associated with favorable conditions during the early Holocene. The humid Fergana Valley and Fergana Range are probable ecological barriers to gene flow between northern and southern populations.

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Section: Conservation Implicationssupporting

confidence: 77%

North‐south population subdivision of Juniperus seravschanica in Kyrgyzstan revealed through novel plastid DNA markers

Sultangaziev

Konrad

Schueler

et al. 2012

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…To sum up, several authors have had to face problem of inconsistency of dates with other proxies and even the fi nest macroremains found in undisturbed deposits have suggested ages that were far from probable (e.g. Beer et al 2007, Kiage & Liu 2009. CONCLUSIONS 1.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Date Discrepanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the area of a fossil lake in the Skaliska Basin (north-eastern Poland) inferred from pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating

Kołaczek¹,

Kupryjanowicz²,

Karpińska‐Kołaczek³

et al. 2013

Acta Palaeobotanica

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The development of vegetation in the Skaliska Basin has been reconstructed on the basis of palynological analysis and radiocarbon dating (AMS technique) of 6 sites from the late phase of the Bolling- Allerod interstadial complex to modern times. Although the area covers 90 km2, the mosaic character of habitats led to the development of different patterns of vegetation changes during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Only one site located in the eastern part of the Skaliska Basin reflected the ‘pine phase’ of Allerod, and this is the oldest data on vegetation in the Skaliska Basin. Interesting discrepancies were recorded during the Younger Dryas when patches of shrublands with Juniperus were distinct around some of the sites, while steppe with Artemisia was common in others. The beginning of the Holocene brought an expansion of birch-pine forest, but around 9600 cal. BC a cold oscillation took place which was reflected in an increase in birch in the woodlands in the western and eastern part of the Skaliska Basin. In the Preboreal chronozone elm (Ulmus) also expanded in the area but its appearance was non-synchronous. The vegetation of the Boreal chronozone was similar in the whole area and the most characteristic feature was the rapid expansion of hazel (Corylus avellana) which displaced Betula from the most of its sites. At that time a distinct redeposition of pollen material in the Parchatka river valley was detected which was probably the effect of an increase in fluvial activity of the river (humid oscillation). The following stage of vegetation development was climax woodlands with Tilia cordata, Ulmus, Quercus, Corylus avellana, and Alnus in damp places. At the beginning of the Subboreal chronozone the expansion of Quercus took place, which was subsequently replaced by Picea abies and partly Carpinus betulus. The pattern of Picea abies expansion distinctly presents two maxima which is characteristic of many sites in the north-eastern Poland. The Subatlantic chronozone is represented only by the profile from the Skaliski Forest, where, because of sandy ground, Pinus sylvestris was the dominant element. Human impact was poorly reflected through the rare occurrence of pollen grains of Cerealia type in the pollen profiles spanning the time from the Subboreal chronozone to modern times. In most profiles AMS dating produced age discrepancies, which limited the possibility of establishment of a detailed chronology. However, dates obtained from the material contaminated by mixture of glycerine, thymol and ethyl alcohol, pretreated by alcohol, showed reliable results in most cases.

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“…During S16, C. anthracinus ‐type is one of the first taxa to appear in higher numbers. This taxon is known to colonize the sublittoral and profundal of stratified lakes (Heinis & Crummentuijn 1992; Hamburger et al 1995; Beer et al 2007). At the same time, the number of Characeae oogonia also increases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lacustrine sediment record of Oberwinkler Maar (Eifel, Germany): Chironomid and macro‐remain‐based inferences of environmental changes during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

Engels

Bohncke

Heiri

et al. 2008

Boreas

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The lacustrine record of Oberwinkler Maar (Eifel, Germany) is the northernmost continuous record documenting the Weichselian Pleniglacial in central Europe – a period characterized by multiple abrupt climate oscillations known as the Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles. Here, the results of a high‐resolution study of chironomid remains are presented, with a focus on the earlier part of Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 3 (60–50 kyr BP) covering four stadial/interstadial cycles. During the stadials, the chironomid fauna of the former lake was dominated by many cold‐stenothermic chironomid taxa, indicating a cold, oligotrophic lake. The concentrations of chironomid remains were lower during the interstadials, and featured a higher number of warm‐indicating taxa. This could have been the result of a higher summer temperature at the study site, but also of bottom‐water anoxia, an increase in trophic state or a combination of all these factors. During the stadial intervals, a taxon that is restricted to (sub‐)arctic environments is present in our record, suggesting a change in the temperature regime rather than in‐lake processes as the driving mechanism for the changes in the chironomid record. Although, consistently, there was a response of the lake ecosystem to climate changes, the amplitude of this response was not constant. This study provides unique and independent evidence of the impact of Dansgaard/Oeschger climate variability on the European continent during the earlier part of OIS‐3.

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Vegetation history, fire history and lake development recorded for 6300 years by pollen, charcoal, loss on ignition and chironomids at a small lake in southern Kyrgyzstan (Alay Range, Central Asia)

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

North‐south population subdivision of Juniperus seravschanica in Kyrgyzstan revealed through novel plastid DNA markers

North‐south population subdivision of Juniperus seravschanica in Kyrgyzstan revealed through novel plastid DNA markers

The Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the area of a fossil lake in the Skaliska Basin (north-eastern Poland) inferred from pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating

The lacustrine sediment record of Oberwinkler Maar (Eifel, Germany): Chironomid and macro‐remain‐based inferences of environmental changes during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3

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