Vegetation sensitivity to local environmental factors and global climate changes during the Middle Pleistocene in southern Italy—A case study from the Molise Apennines

Orain, R.; Ermolli, Elda Russo; Lebreton, V.; Donato, Valentino Di; Bahain, Jean‐Jacques; Sémah, Anne‐Marie

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.05.002

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In Southern Italy, the last significant expansion of Picea (>5%) is found at the onset of the Middle Pleistocene (Capraro et al, 2005), but frequent occurrences of single grains are recorded until the Last Glacial Maximum (Allen et al, 2000). In Central Italy, Picea was abundant in several periods throughout the Pleistocene, its last important expansion (>20%) being recorded at Boiano (administratively in Southern Italy) during MIS 9 (Orain et al, 2015). Then it decreased and was last found during the Last Glacial Maximum (Follieri et al, 1998).…”

Section: Timing and Trends Of Tree Population Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary disappearance of tree taxa from Southern Europe: Timing and trends

Magri

Rita

Aranbarri

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

131

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A hundred pollen and plant macrofossil records from the Iberian Peninsula, Southern France, the Italian\ud Peninsula, Greece and the Aegean, and the southwestern Black Sea area formed the basis for a review of\ud the Quaternary distribution and extirpation of tree populations from Southern Europe. Following a\ud discussion of the caveats/challenges about using pollen data, the Quaternary history of tree taxa has been\ud reconstructed with attention to Taxodium/Glyptostrobus, Sciadopitys, Cathaya, Cedrus, Tsuga, Eucommia,\ud Engelhardia, Carya, Pterocarya, Parrotia, Liquidambar, and Zelkova. The timing of extinction, distributed\ud over the whole Quaternary, appears very diverse from one region to the other, in agreement with current\ud biodiversity in Southern Europe. The geographical patterns of persistence/disappearance of taxa show\ud unexpected trends and rule out a simple North to South and/or West to East trend in extirpations. In\ud particular, it is possible to detect disjunct populations (Engelhardia), long-term persistence of taxa in\ud restricted regions (Sciadopitys), distinct populations/species/genera in different geographical areas\ud (Taxodium type). Some taxa that are still widespread in Europe have undergone extirpation in Mediterranean\ud areas in the lateglacial period and Holocene (Buxus, Carpinus betulus, Picea); they provide an\ud indication of the modes of disappearance of tree populations that may be useful to evaluate correctly the\ud vulnerability of modern fragmented plant populations. The demographic histories of tree taxa obtained\ud by combined palaeobotanical and genetic studies is a most challenging field of research needed not only\ud to assess species/population differentiation, but also to reach a better understanding of extinction processes,\ud an essential task in the current global change scenario

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Section: Timing and Trends Of Tree Population Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary disappearance of tree taxa from Southern Europe: Timing and trends

Magri

Rita

Aranbarri

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

131

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“…In Italy, Carya exhibits a general increase in pollen percentage values towards the end of the Gelasian and during the Calabrian (up to MIS 31), whereas it is much less abundant later (Bertini, 2010 and references therein). At present, the last documented occurrence of Carya is at Boiano, a southern site (Figure 1), attributed to MIS 9 (Orain et al, 2015). In central Italy, the occurrence of Carya is quite sporadic in Middle Pleistocene deposits (Bertini, 2010; Magri & Palombo, 2013) but its recovery at BOMG suggests that the Alpi Apuane possibly acted as a refuge area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Palynological evidence of Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental changes from the ‘Buca dell’Onice’ flowstone (Alpi Apuane, Central Italy)

Bertini

Piccini

Ricci

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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Buca dell'Onice di Monte Girello is a small cave located in the Alpi Apuane (central Italy). It preserves an exceptionally thick flowstone deposited intermittently during the Middle Pleistocene. Two main depositional cycles, separated by a physical discontinuity, have been recognised and described. This discontinuity and the top surface of the flowstone attest to two main phases of interrupted growth related to palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes. Pilot palynological investigations support the existence of such changes. Despite the high number of barren pollen samples and the overall very low concentration of pollen grains per gram of sediment, palynology furnishes some interesting insights especially regarding floral composition, vegetation cover and local to regional climate. The pollen record also contributes to the definition of the stratigraphic distribution of taxa no longer growing in this area (i.e. Carya and Picea). According to the pollen assemblage characteristic of arboreal vegetation cover, the flowstone was deposited predominantly during humid phases under both warm and cool climate conditions (interglacials/interstadials and at the end of interglacials). The warm and cool phases correspond, respectively, to increases of mixed thermophilous forest taxa and montane arboreal taxa. On the other hand, the pollen record does not show the major expansion of open vegetation associated with the coldest and driest conditions, which apparently fall at the main middle discontinuity and at the top interruption of the flowstone. Previous data permit changes in precipitation to be identified as one of the major limiting factors for the growth of this flowstone, probably in a period including MISs 13-10. The more significant lithological features of the flowstone as well as the vegetal and climate signatures suggest that its development principally represents a response to global events including teleconnections active between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic circulation, with minor contribution from local factors.

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“…diverged from its ancestral Alpine lineages during the EMPT (Scotti-Saintagne et al ., 2021). In the Apennine Peninsula, mesophilous tree species such as Juglans responded with a range reduction for EMPT (Orain et al ., 2015). Further progressive disappearances of several tree species as a response to EMPT are reported from pollen records from North Spain, South France and Central Italy (Magri & Palombo, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history ofCastanea sativaMill. in the Caucasus driven by Middle and Late Pleistocene paleoenvironmental changes

Beridze

Sękiewicz

Walas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Due to global climate cooling and aridification since the Paleogene, the members of the Neogene flora were extirpated from the Northern Hemisphere or were confined to a few refugial areas. For some species, the final reduction/extinction came in the Pleistocene, but some others have survived climatic transformations up to the present. This has occurred in Castanea sativa, a species of high commercial value in Europe and a significant component of the Caucasian forest biodiversity. In contrast to the European range, neither the historical biogeography nor the population genetic structure of the species in the isolated Caucasian range has been clarified. Here, based on a survey of 21 natural populations from the Caucasus and a single one from Europe, we provide likely biogeographic reconstruction and genetic diversity details. By applying Bayesian inference, species distribution modelling, and fossil pollen data, we estimated (1) the time of the Caucasian - European divergence during the Middle Pleistocene (436.5 ka), (2) the time of divergence among Caucasian lineages, and (3) outlined the glacial refugia for species. The climate changes related to the Early Middle Pleistocene Transition and the alpine orogenic uplift in the region are proposed as the major drivers of the intraspecific divergence and European-Caucasian disjunction, while the impact of the last glacial cycle was of marginal importance.

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Vegetation sensitivity to local environmental factors and global climate changes during the Middle Pleistocene in southern Italy—A case study from the Molise Apennines

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Quaternary disappearance of tree taxa from Southern Europe: Timing and trends

Quaternary disappearance of tree taxa from Southern Europe: Timing and trends

Palynological evidence of Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental changes from the ‘Buca dell’Onice’ flowstone (Alpi Apuane, Central Italy)

Evolutionary history ofCastanea sativaMill. in the Caucasus driven by Middle and Late Pleistocene paleoenvironmental changes

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