“…These methods are simple and fast, but not flexible as they require manual settings by an operator. Tracking-based approaches, Generally, consider three steps: vehicle detection [17], vehicle tracking and traffic parameters calculation [18], [4], [2], [9], [10], [11]. In these approaches, the images of individual cars need to be separated, which makes their applicability not feasible in real situations with changes in lighting conditions, traffic congestion and vehicle occlusion [7].…”