“…The multiple time-scale property of the hierarchical control causes communication delays among devices, or between equipment and upper control level [83]. It is worth mentioning that, delays are mainly divided into the fixed communication delays and random communication delays, and various delay compensation schemes for fixed communication delays are compared in this paper, such as the neural network predictive control [96], weighted average predictive control [97,98], the gain scheduling [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106] and synchronization schemes using multi-timer model [114]. Moreover, some compensation methods for random communication delays are also discussed, such as the generalized predictive control (GPC) [84,85], networked predictive control (NPC) [86][87][88][89], model predictive control (MPC) [90][91][92][93], Smith predictor (SP) [90,94,95], H ∞ control [107][108][109] and sliding mode control [110][111][112][113], etc.…”