Vehicles Allocation for Fruit Distribution Considering CO2 Emissions and Decisions on Subcontracting

Abstract

An important problem in rural-area supply chains is how to transport the harvested fruit to urban areas. Low-and medium-capacity vehicles are used in Colombia to carry out this activity. Operating them comes with an inherent cost and generates carbon emissions. Normally, minimizing operating costs and minimizing carbon emissions are conflicting objectives to allocate such vehicles efficiently in any of the supply chain echelons. We designed a multi-objective mixed-integer programming model to address this problem and solved it via the ε-constraint method. It includes decisions mainly about quantities of fruit to transport and store, types of vehicles to allocate according to their capacities, CO 2 emission levels of these vehicles, and subcontracting on the collection process. The main results show two schedules for allocating the vehicles, showing minimum and maximum CO 2 emissions. Minimum CO 2 emissions scheme require subcontracting and the maximum CO 2 scheme does not. Then, a Pareto frontier shows that CO 2 emissions level are inversely proportional to total management cost for different scenarios in which fruit supply was modified.

Simulation-optimization methods for designing and assessing resilient supply chain networks under uncertainty scenarios: A review

“…We classify a paper as agricultural if at least one modeled uncertain parameter is directly related to agricultural aspects, e.g., harvest time and yield affected by diseases in crops [10] , or supply impacted by floods or droughts [101] . Other specific characteristics that increase vulnerability of agricultural SCNs are seasonality in supply and demand [155] , as well as perishability of products [150] .…”

Vehicle routing in cold food supply chain logistics: a literature review

“…Transportation mode selection (trucks, trains, airplanes, or ships) is another important factor affecting total cost that was considered as a decision variable by some researchers (Albrecht and Steinrücke, 2018; Bortolini et al , 2016; Orjuela-Castro et al , 2016; Wang and Ying Yu, 2012). Furthermore, Tordecilla-Madera et al (2018) added the cost of toll payment and parking to their transportation model. Another cost that is added to transportation cost is drivers' wages based on their working time (Bektas and Laporte, 2011; Hsiao et al , 2017; Li et al , 2019).…”

“…Similarly, Babagolzadeh et al (2020) proposed a model to calculate the total fuel consumption of a vehicle based on three modules: engine module, weight module and speed module. Furthermore, number of vehicles and their capacity also contribute to the amount of carbon emissions (Hariga et al , 2017; Tordecilla-Madera et al , 2018; Haass et al , 2015). Finally, in the case of using different types of cooling containers, the number of containers and energy consumption of each type must be taken into consideration (Hsu et al , 2013).…”

“…Drivers' wages (Bektas and Laporte, 2011; Hsiao et al , 2017). Toll and parking fees (Tordecilla-Madera et al , 2018). …”

“…More details on constraints considered based on different cost elements in addition to general constraints are provided below. (1) Demand constraints to ensure that the vehicle load is higher than destination's demand (Hsiao et al, 2017;Stellingwerf et al, 2018;Yifeng and Ruhe, 2013;Hsiao et al, 2017;Pelton et al, 2010;Wang and Ying Yu, 2012;Li et al, 2019;Bektas and Laporte, 2011;Lin et al, 2019;Amorim and Almada-Lobo, 2014;Buelvas Padilla et al, 2018;Tsang et al, 2018;Azi et al, 2010;Flamini et al, 2011;Micale et al, 2019;Tordecilla-Madera et al, 2018).…”