Velocys Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Technology—New Advances on State-of-the-Art

LeViness, Steve; Deshmukh, Soumitra; Richard, L; Robota, Heinz J.

doi:10.1007/s11244-013-0208-x

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…FT catalysis has been long established in the petroleum industry on a large scale, but only recently has it been considered viable on the small scale of a typical biorefinery through the invention of micro-channel reactors and fluidized bed steam reforming (Connor 2007a,b;LeViness et al 2013). These technologies have been used for non-kraft pulp mills without adequate chemical recovery systems.…”

Section: Biorefineries In the Pulp And Paper Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Johnson¹,

Hart²

2016

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kraft pulp and paper mills have several advantages for serving the emerging biorefinery industry as a source of raw materials. This review examines technologies for producing liquid biofuels, chemicals, and advanced materials from woody feedstocks to generate new sources of revenue. Market pull comes in part from government policies that drive substitution of petroleum-based products with biobased equivalents. Kraft mills have ample networks to supply feedstocks, whether these are forest residues or byproduct side streams. Pulp mills are well suited to expand sufficiently to accommodate production of value added platform chemicals that are in demand because of brand owner sustainability commitments.

show abstract

Section: Biorefineries In the Pulp And Paper Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red Rock Biofuels is one of three projects selected by the DOE for producing jet and diesel fuels. A plant capable of producing 12 MM gallons per year is in the planning stage using Velocys small scale micro-channelled FT reactor technology (LeViness et al 2013;Becker et al 2015a;Güttel and Turek 2016).…”

Section: Biorefineries In the Pulp And Paper Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Johnson¹,

Hart²

2016

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many reactions have been tested in microchannel reactors such as water gas shift [22], steam reforming [25], partial oxidation [26][27][28], Fischer Tropsch synthesis [29,30], synthesis of methanol [31], methane oxidative coupling [32], photocatalysis [33], catalytic combustion [34] and as a bioreactor [35]. These are just a few examples and the applications are spreading quickly.…”

Section: Microchannel Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact heat exchange reactor for synthesis of mixed alcohols

Sethi

2016

Catalysis Today

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tStainless steel compact heat exchanger reactor with 66 mL catalyst loading was built and tested for synthesis of mixed alcohols. Compared to the fixed bed reactor, the compact heat exchanger reactor have much better heat and mass transfer due to the small particle sizes and miniaturized channels. Development of NiMo 2 C catalyst for synthesis of mixed alcohols is also reported. The compact reactor demonstrated two to four times process intensification.

show abstract

“…Tube reactors with a fl uidized catalyst bed, and three-phase suspension reactors (slurry reactors) are employed in industry [5,6]. The CompactGTL and Velocys companies are developing micro-channel reactors − fabricated from steel sheets onto the surface of which channels are sawed-out to a depth of 200-500 μm [7,8]. High intensity of heat exchange in these reactors is achieved by development of the heat-exchange surface; however, high metal consumption and hydraulic resistance place a number of restrictions on their use in heavy-tonnage productions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using a Tube Reactor in High-Intensity Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article considers some of the problems associated with the use of a tube reactor in high-intensity Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis with heavy loads of processed syngas (3000-5000 h −1 ). The main factor preventing the development of highly effi cient FT synthesis is removal of the heat released. Intensifi cation of the heat-exchange process may be possible by accelerating the convective heat-exchange component by increasing the linear speed of the gas fl ow from 0.1 to 10 m/sec. Required values of the heat-exchange coeffi cient, and the fi ctitious linear velocities of the gas fl ow at which maximum degree of CO processing is attained without disruption of the stable operating temperature regime of the reactor have been calculated. The expediency of reactive-gas circulation in FT synthesis is demonstrated.The process of producing synthetic hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) method allows for production of a broad spectrum of analogous-petroleum products formed from a carbon-containing feedstock: natural and by-product petroleum gases, coal, peat, and biomass. The productivity of catalysts for hydrocarbon synthesis in the fi rst industrial production, which was organized in pre-war Germany from coal (CTL), did not exceed 10 kg/(m 3 cat ·h) [1]. At the present time, the large Sasol and Shell corporations are introducing a procedure for production of synthetic hydrocarbons from natural gas (GTL) with a catalyst output of from 100 to 130 kg/(m 3 cat ·h) with respect to C 5+ hydrocarbons, and the capacity of one of the largest plants (Pearl GTL, Shell, Qatar) is 6 million tons per year [2, 3]. Use of more productive catalysts (300 kg/(m 3 cat ·h) and higher), which are effective under heavy loads with respect to the syngas being processed (3000-5000 h −1 ) is required for further development of GTL processes [4]. The activity of the FT-synthesis catalysts makes it possible to conduct the process under heavier gas loads; abstraction of the heat released (the process is highly exothermic) is, however, a basic factor preventing development of highly productive FT synthesis.Heat exchange in FT synthesis has been intensifi ed by altering the design of the reaction vessels. Tube reactors with a fl uidized catalyst bed, and three-phase suspension reactors (slurry reactors) are employed in industry [5,6]. The CompactGTL and Velocys companies are developing micro-channel reactors − fabricated from steel sheets onto the surface of which channels are sawed-out to a depth of 200-500 μm [7,8]. High intensity of heat exchange in these reactors is achieved by development of the heat-exchange surface; however, high metal consumption and hydraulic resistance place a number of restrictions on their use in heavy-tonnage productions.In our opinion, tube reactors are most promising for implementation of highly productive GTL technologies owing to their adaptability to up-scaling and manufacture. One of the drawbacks of tube reactors in the FT process is a small

show abstract

Velocys Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Technology—New Advances on State-of-the-Art

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Integrating a Biorefinery into an Operating Kraft Mill

Compact heat exchange reactor for synthesis of mixed alcohols

Feasibility of Using a Tube Reactor in High-Intensity Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About