Velody — A novel method for music steganography

Vaske, Camilla; Weckstén, Mattias; Järpe, Eric

doi:10.1109/icfsp.2017.8097052

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2; 3; 4 The first one describes simple LSB (Least Significant Bit) algorithm, however the latter two take a more sophisticated approach. Velody 3 uses the first note's velocity as the reference value and then encodes secret message in following notes' velocities by either adding or subtracting one from reference velocity value. Wu et al 4 took even more complicated approach using velocities in sequences of either non-increasing or non-decreasing pitches.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu et al 4 took even more complicated approach using velocities in sequences of either non-increasing or non-decreasing pitches. The idea similar to the one presented in this paper was briefly mentioned in 3 and described as utilization of natural properties of music and binary substitution (choosing two notes, each representing one binary value), however it was not investigated further in that paper.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though it is not the rule that a single song has to utilize only one scale it is safe to assume that in general the more a scale (any scale) fits the song the more likely it is to sound pleasing. 3 Once again a series of tests were performed to see how this steganographic algorithm operates regarding musical scales. The model used for generating sound sequences was not trained with musical theory and specifically scales in mind, but on examples instead.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis With Music Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A New Steganographic Algorithm for Hiding Messages in Music

Bajor¹,

Niemiec²

2020

ISIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Steganography in audio files usually revolves around well-known concepts and algorithms, least significant bit algorithm to name one. This paper proposes a new, alternative approach where steganographic information is connected with the medium even more-by using the medium itself as the information. The goal of this paper is to present a new aspect of steganography, which utilizes machine learning. This form of steganography may produce statistically indeterminable steganographic files which are immune to brute force attempts at trying to retrieve the hidden messages. Then the proposed solution is verified against statistical analysis and brute force attacks with promising results.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysis With Music Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A New Steganographic Algorithm for Hiding Messages in Music

Bajor¹,

Niemiec²

2020

ISIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only a few investigations of information hiding via MIDI files can be found in the literature [16]- [23]. Some of them insert new events into MIDI files that can be ignored by MIDI instruments, or reorganize the messages in MIDI files without altering the musical expressions [16]- [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third group of methods [18], [21], [23] perform secret data hiding via MIDI files by modifying the velocity values of musical notes. Adli and Nakao [18] adopted such an approach by replacing the least significant bits (LSBs) of the velocity values with secret bits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steganography via MIDI Files by Adjusting Velocities of Musical Note Sequences With Monotonically Non-Increasing or Non-Decreasing Pitches

Hsiang

Chen

2019

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data hiding techniques for steganography, which embed secret data in multimedia imperceptibly, are useful for protecting information security. By taking advantage of the popularity of MIDI files on the Internet, a new data hiding method via MIDI files is proposed, which modifies the velocities of musical note sequences to embed secret data. Initially, musical note sequences with monotonic pitches, each consisting of at least three consecutive notes with pitches either entirely non-decreasing or entirely non-increasing, are found from an input MIDI file. Next, for each of such musical note sequences, a reference velocity is generated for each non-end note in the sequence by a linear interpolation scheme. Then, a number of data bits are embedded into each non-end note by adding the decimal value of the bits to or subtracting the value from the corresponding reference velocity value to yield a new velocity for the note. The new velocity value does not differ much from the original one and fits the velocity trend in the musical note sequence, so that the resulting stego-MIDI file does not yield abnormal note strengths and the musical expression is kept. Moreover, a melody humanization scheme is proposed for modifying the velocity values in strength-invariant MIDI channels to create data embeddability without producing unreasonable melodies. The original MIDI file size is also kept unchanged after data embedding, avoiding attracting attentions from hackers. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method. Also, a comparison with five other methods show that the method has the merit of reducing the resulting melody distortion or file-size change while yielding a reasonable secret-bit embedding rate.

show abstract

A high-capacity performance-preserving blind technique for reversible information hiding via MIDI files using delta times

Liu¹,

Wu²

2020

Multimed Tools Appl

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Velody — A novel method for music steganography

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

A New Steganographic Algorithm for Hiding Messages in Music

A New Steganographic Algorithm for Hiding Messages in Music

Steganography via MIDI Files by Adjusting Velocities of Musical Note Sequences With Monotonically Non-Increasing or Non-Decreasing Pitches

A high-capacity performance-preserving blind technique for reversible information hiding via MIDI files using delta times

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About