Velopharyngeal closure function and speech in the submucous cleft palate

Influence of Palatal Fistulae on Speech and Resonance

“…When pressure consonants are produced with insufficient intraoral pressure, they are called weak [Morley, 1966;Ainoda et al, 1983]. Shelton and Blank [1984] reasoned that an increase in respiratory effort could compensate for a small fistula, leaving pres sure consonants unaffected, while in patients with fistulae of moderate size the necessary intraoral air pressure might result in air leak age through the fistula, sometimes generat ing noises.…”

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

“…If the necessary air pressure build-up to pro duce plosives and fricatives cannot be achieved within the oral cavity, then these sounds are created at the level of the larynx or pharynx (shift of articulation site in a cen tripetal direction). It is thus that glottal stops, pharyngeal fricatives, pharyngeal stops and the palatalised articulation come into being [Ainoda et al, 1983]. These latter abnormali ties of the articulatory pattern may be consid ered secondary compensating components of VP1 and CP speech, just as nasal grimacing.…”

“…In case of submucous CP ac companying VPI. flap surgery should be cho sen : other au thors also use it, partly in combination with push-back closure and levator sling recon struction [Minami et al, 1975;Abyholm, 1976], Ainoda et al [ 1983] are correct in stat ing that: 'as yet. we have no definite criteria for deciding the best age for surgery'; still I believe that, once VPI diagnosis has been established in case of submucous CP.…”

Relação entre os sinais clínicos da fissura de palato submucosa e a sintomatologia específica: uma abordagem preventiva.

“…A FPSM pode ser considerada a "forma menos grave" de fissura palatina, avaliando-se anatomicamente, porém, podendo causar inadequação velofaríngea em alguns casos (Calnan 1954, Ysunza et al 2001. Ainoda et al (1983) Para Chen et al (1994Chen et al ( , 1996 (Åbyholm 1976(Åbyholm , Chen et al 1994(Åbyholm , 1996. No estudo de Haapanen (1992) Há um consenso de que nos casos de fissuras abertas, a cirurgia de palato, realizada precocemente, evita a instalação dos DAC (Bzoch 1997).…”