Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccines induce mucosal IgA responses and protection from airborne infection in BALB/c, but not C3H/HeN mice

Hart, Mary Kate; Pratt, William D.; Panelo, Ferdinand; Tammariello, Ralph F.; Dertzbaugh, Mark T.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00204-6

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…TC-83 is an attenuated strain of VEEV that was obtained after 83 passages in fetal guinea pig heart cells in vitro while C-84 is a formaldehyde-inactivated version of TC-83 used as a boost for waning serum virusneutralizing (N) antibody titers [5]. Both vaccines have deficiencies [5,6] that necessitated the development of a replacement vaccine, of which V3526 is a lead candidate.…”

Section: Subject Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically engineered, live, attenuated vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with a virulent IE strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Reed

Lind

Lackemeyer

et al. 2005

Vaccine

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Section: Subject Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetically engineered, live, attenuated vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with a virulent IE strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Reed

Lind

Lackemeyer

et al. 2005

Vaccine

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“…Furthermore, there are several logical bases for choosing specific mutations to engineer into the VEE genome [12], and an array of animal models [9,13,14] with which to test the biological consequences (e.g. attenuation, immunogenicity) of such mutations.…”

Section: Subject Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For aerosol challenge, animals were exposed for 10 min to an infectious aerosol generated by a Collison nebulizer within a Plexiglass chamber contained within a Class III biological safety cabinet located in a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory. Viral doses delivered by aerosol were calculated by standard procedures [9]. Protection was assessed by monitoring animals for 28 days post-infection.…”

Section: Assays For Virulence and Immunity In Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On days 42 or 43, monkeys were anaesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam (3-4mgkg _1 , i.m., Aveco Co, Fort Dodge, IA) and exposed for 10 min to an infectious aerosol of V3000. The average viral dosage delivered by aerosol was calculated by standard procedures [9] to be 4 x 10 8 pfu of V3000 or 300 ED 50 (median effective dose) [14]. Monkeys were bled daily for 6 days after both immunization and challenge to monitor viremias and lymphocyte counts.…”

Section: Testing Vaccine Candidates In Non-human Primate Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although natural disease is usually acquired through mosquito bite, VEEV is highly infectious as an aerosol and has caused many laboratory infections by this route [6]. There are two Investigational New Drug VEEV vaccines (one attenuated , the other a killed virus vaccine [C-84]) currently used to protect laboratory workers and other at-risk personnel against VEEV [7,8], however, each has deficiencies that necessitate the development of an improved vaccine for general use [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetically engineered, live attenuated vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis: testing in animal models

Pratt

Davis

Johnston

et al. 2003

Vaccine

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Role for mucosal immune responses and cell‐mediated immune functions in protection from airborne challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus*

Elvin

Bennett

Phillpotts

2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) replicates in lymphoid tissues following peripheral inoculation and a high titre viraemia develops. Encephalitis develops after the virus enters the central nervous system from the blood, with the earliest neuronal involvement being via the olfactory nerve. Following aerosol challenge with virulent VEEV, the virus is thought to replicate in the nasal mucosa and there could be direct entry into the olfactory nerve via infected neuroepithelial cells. Protection from VEEV infection is believed to be primarily mediated by virus specific antibody. The correlation between protection and neutralising serum antibody titres is, however, inconsistent when the virulent virus is administered by the airborne route. This study demonstrates a link between antibody in serum and the nasal mucosa and protection by means of passive immunisation studies. Intra-nasal administration of antibody increased protection against airborne virus in Balb/c mice. Vaccination of mu MT strain mice that do not have functional B cells and cannot produce antibody revealed normal proliferation of spleen cells in vitro and robust cytokine production. Aerosol challenge of mu MT mice demonstrated that complete protection was only achieved when passive immunisation with antibody was supplemented with active immunisation with the TC-83 vaccine strain of the virus. This implies that cell-mediated immune functions are required for protection against airborne challenge with virulent VEEV.

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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccines induce mucosal IgA responses and protection from airborne infection in BALB/c, but not C3H/HeN mice

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Genetically engineered, live, attenuated vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with a virulent IE strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Genetically engineered, live, attenuated vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with a virulent IE strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

Genetically engineered, live attenuated vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis: testing in animal models

Role for mucosal immune responses and cell‐mediated immune functions in protection from airborne challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus*

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